An Investigation of the Associations Between Contingent Self-Worth and Aspirations Among Iranian University Students

Sabzehara, Milad; Ferguson, Yuna L.; Sarafraz, Mehdi Reza; Mohammadi, Mostafa

doi:10.1080/00224545.2013.843501

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Often, when people rate their extrinsic aspirations as likely or as already accomplished (as compared to rating them as important), the associations with wellness continue to be negative or very weakly positive (Frost, 1997; Raj & Chettiar, 2012; Stevens et al, 2011), especially when relative centrality indices of extrinsic aspirations are used (Brown et al, 2009; Frost & Frost, 2000; Kasser, 1996; Kasser & Ahuvia, 2002; Kasser & Ryan, 1993, 1996). However, several studies reported small-to-moderately sized positive effects between likely or already-attained extrinsic goals and wellness (Górnik-Durose & Pyszkowska, 2020; Romero et al, 2012; Sabzehara et al, 2014; Tóth et al, 2018). Perhaps most decisive was Niemiec et al’s (2009) classic longitudinal finding that intrinsically and extrinsically goal-oriented college students were equally likely to have achieved their goals after 2 years.…”

Section: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspirations And Wellnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the dark side of the American dream: Evidence for the universal wellness costs of prioritizing extrinsic over intrinsic goals.

Bradshaw¹,

Conigrave²,

Steward³

et al. 2023

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Self-determination theory holds that the intrinsic and extrinsic content of people's aspirations differentially affect their wellness. An evidence base spanning nearly 30 years indicates that focusing on intrinsic goals (such as for growth, relationships, community giving, and health) promotes well-being, whereas a focus on extrinsic goals (such as for wealth, fame, and beauty) deters well-being. Yet, the evidence base contains exceptions, and some authors have argued that focusing on extrinsic goals may not be universally detrimental. We conducted a systematic review and used multilevel meta-analytic structural equation modeling to evaluate the links between intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations with indices of well-being and illbeing. Across 92 reports (105 studies), 1,808 effects, and a total sample of N = 70,110, we found that intrinsic aspirations were linked positively with well-being, r = 0.24 [95% CI 0.22, 0.27], and negatively with ill-being, r = −0.11 [−0.14, −0.08]. When the variety of extrinsic aspiration scoring methods were combined, the link with well-being was not statistically significant, r = 0.02 [−0.02, 0.06]. However, when extrinsic aspirations were evaluated in terms of their predominance in the overall pattern of aspiring the effect was universally detrimental, linking negatively to well-being, r = −0.22 [−0.32, −0.11], and positively to ill-being, r = 0.23 [0.17, 0.30]. Meta-analytic conclusions about the associations between goal types and wellness are important because they inform how individuals could shape aspirations to support their own happiness and how groups and institutions can frame goals such that their pursuit is for the common good.

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Section: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspirations And Wellnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the dark side of the American dream: Evidence for the universal wellness costs of prioritizing extrinsic over intrinsic goals.

Bradshaw¹,

Conigrave²,

Steward³

et al. 2023

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For each individual these seven scores could then be ranked so that the aspirations with the highest scores could be deemed that individual's main aspirations. The AI has been shown to be valid and reliable in 15 different cultures (Grouzet et al, 2005) and has been frequently used in psychology research (Konkolÿ Thege et al, 2009;Niemiec et al, 2009;Sabzehara et al, 2014;Steffen, 2014).…”

Section: The Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

The promise of tailoring incentives for healthy behaviors

Kullgren

Williams

Resnicow

et al. 2016

International Journal of Workplace Health Management

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Purpose To describe how tailoring financial incentives for healthy behaviors to employees’ goals, values, and aspirations might improve the efficacy of incentives. Design/methodology/approach We integrate insights from self-determination theory (SDT) with principles from behavioral economics in the design of financial incentives by linking how incentives could help meet an employee’s life goals, values, or aspirations. Findings Tailored financial incentives could be more effective than standard incentives in promoting autonomous motivation necessary to initiate healthy behaviors and sustain them after incentives are removed. Research implications Previous efforts to improve the design of financial incentives have tested different incentive designs that vary the size, schedule, timing, and target of incentives. Our strategy for tailoring incentives builds on strong evidence that difficult behavior changes are more successful when integrated with important life goals and values. We outline necessary research to examine the effectiveness of this approach among at-risk employees. Practical implications Instead of offering simple financial rewards for engaging in healthy behaviors, existing programs could leverage incentives to promote employees’ autonomous motivation for sustained health improvements. Social implications Effective application of these concepts could lead to programs more effective at improving health, potentially at lower cost. Originality/value Our approach for the first time integrates key insights from SDT, behavioral economics, and tailoring to turn an extrinsic reward for behavior change into an internalized, self-sustaining motivator for long-term engagement in risk-reducing behaviors.

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“…The intrinsic aspirations examined in past studies typically include affiliation (having deep, enduring relationships), community contribution (generativity and helping others), personal growth (self-acceptance and development), and physical health , whereas typical extrinsic aspirations have included financial success and wealth, popularity (being famous or admired), and having an appealing image (being physically attractive) (e.g., Kasser and Ryan, 1996; Niemiec et al, 2009). These seven specific aspirations are most often located within their respective higher-order intrinsic and extrinsic domains using factor analysis (Kasser and Ryan, 1996; SabzehAra et al, 2014). However, such analyses preclude a more fine-grain discussion about how the specific aspirations are associated with each other, both within and between the higher-order categories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Map of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspirations Using Network Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling: Examining Four New Aspirations

2019

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Life goals or aspirations can be distinguished as intrinsic or extrinsic, with different implications for well-being. In this study we used network analysis to reexamine this intrinsic-extrinsic distinction, illustrating how novel candidate aspirations can be mapped along this dimension using innovative methods. We identify four previously unexamined life aspirations, predicting that aspiring for power and social adherence would group with extrinsic goals, whereas aspiring for self-expression and mastery would group with intrinsic goals. In two samples (n = 196; n = 346) we analyze both the original life-goal variables and these novel aspirations using factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, circumplex modeling, and a network analysis using a graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (glasso) to estimate the network structure of aspirations using EBIC. Replicating past intrinsic-extrinsic distinctions, all four methods further classified power and social adherence as extrinsic goals, and self-expression and mastery as intrinsic goals. The intrinsic-extrinsic distinction was also clearly visible in the network analysis. Finally, consistent with hypotheses, power and social adherence were unrelated to wellness indicators, whereas self-expression and mastery correlated positively with well-being indicators and negatively with ill-being indicators, supporting their hypothesized nature as extrinsic and intrinsic, respectively.

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An Investigation of the Associations Between Contingent Self-Worth and Aspirations Among Iranian University Students

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

A meta-analysis of the dark side of the American dream: Evidence for the universal wellness costs of prioritizing extrinsic over intrinsic goals.

A meta-analysis of the dark side of the American dream: Evidence for the universal wellness costs of prioritizing extrinsic over intrinsic goals.

The promise of tailoring incentives for healthy behaviors

Expanding the Map of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspirations Using Network Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling: Examining Four New Aspirations

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