Vitamin D supplemented women had sufficient levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood at birth in maximum cases and neonates had higher birth weights and increased crown heel length.

Intravenous paracetamol is more effective labor analgesic with fewer maternal adverse effects and shortens labor as compared to intramuscular tramadol.

Idiopathic polyhydramnios is associated with higher perinatal morbidity and mortality than normal pregnancy.

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SUMMARYA 20-year-old primigravida presented in labour with a mass protruding from her vagina during uterine contractions. The mass was a large tense cyst measuring 8×8 cm arising from the posterior vaginal wall. The cyst was present since puberty but increased in size during pregnancy. It collapsed following aspiration and uneventful vaginal delivery was conducted. Following delivery, the cyst was excised and vaginal wall repaired. On histopathology the cyst was identified as a Müllerian cyst. The patient recovered and remained asymptomatic on follow-up. BACKGROUND

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Objectives To study prevalence of lower genital tract infections (LGTI) (bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis) in HIV-seropositive women and correlation with CD4 counts and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods Cross-sectional study conducted in 200 HIV-1-seropositive women (18 to 45 years) attending ART clinic of PGIMS, Rohtak. Vaginal samples sent for laboratory diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis, CD4 count determined and data analyzed using Chi-square method. Results Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis was 47.7, 43.2, and 8.8 % respectively, 30 % women with CD4 counts \200 cells/ll had LGTI, and 17.4 % women with CD4 [200 Cell/ll had LGTI. Of 70 women not on ART, 18.6 % had LGTI and 30 of 130 on ART had LGTI. Conclusions HIV-seropositive women had higher prevalence of LGTI especially at lower CD4 counts and women on ART did not have a lower prevalence of LGTI and should be screened for LGTI to decrease HIV transmission.

Uptake of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is rapidly expanding around the world. Here, we provide an overview of the current global state of NIPT, describe the expansion of the test menu, highlight alternative prenatal test service delivery, and discuss NIPT counseling considerations. We also provide a perspective on utilisation of NIPT in India, which has unique challenges for implementing NIPT given its large population, vast territory, and diverse ethnic groups. The barriers to implementation of NIPT in India are also discussed. Current recommendations regarding use of NIPT made by professional societies vary in different regions and such recommendations for NIPT in India will be helpful to provide general guidance to the health care providers, but will likely require modifications for implementation in India.