Lower Genital Tract Infections in HIV-Infected Women: Can We Afford to Miss?

Lallar, Meenakshi; Nanda, Smiti; Nandal, Rajesh

doi:10.1007/s13224-014-0604-6

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Recent studies conducted among pregnant, HIV-positive and infertile women have also reported high BV prevalences. Among pregnant women in northeastern Nigeria and Ethiopia, the prevalence of BV was 17 and 19 %, respectively [ 26 , 27 ]; among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive women, a BV prevalence of 48 % has been described in India [ 28 ], whereas among infertile women in Qom and Iran the prevalence of BV was found to be 70 % [ 29 ]. Information on the burden of BV in Eastern Europe is limited.…”

Section: Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial vaginosis: a synthesis of the literature on etiology, prevalence, risk factors, and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections

et al. 2016

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age. Since the initial work of Leopoldo in 1953 and Gardner and Dukes in 1955, researchers have not been able to identify the causative etiologic agent of BV. There is increasing evidence, however, that BV occurs when Lactobacillus spp., the predominant species in healthy vaginal flora, are replaced by anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardenella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii, M. mulieris, other anaerobic bacteria and/or Mycoplasma hominis. Worldwide, it estimated that 20–30 % of women of reproductive age attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics suffer from BV, and that its prevalence can be as high as 50–60 % in high-risk populations (e.g., those who practice commercial sex work (CSW). Epidemiological data show that women are more likely to report BV if they: 1) have had a higher number of lifetime sexual partners; 2) are unmarried; 3) have engaged in their first intercourse at a younger age; 4) have engaged in CSW, and 5) practice regular douching. In the past decade, several studies have provided evidence on the contribution of sexual activity to BV. However, it is difficult to state that BV is a STI without being able to identify the etiologic agent. BV has also emerged as a public health problem due to its association with other STIs, including: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). The most recent evidence on the association between BV and CT/NG infection comes from two secondary analyses of cohort data conducted among women attending STI clinics. Based on these studies, women with BV had a 1.8 and 1.9-fold increased risk for NG and CT infection, respectively. Taken together, BV is likely a risk factor or at least an important contributor to subsequent NG or CT infection in high-risk women. Additional research is required to determine whether this association is also present in other low-risk sexually active populations, such as among women in the US military. It is essential to conduct large scale cross-sectional or population-based case-control studies to investigate the role of BV as a risk factor for CT/NG infections. These studies could lead to the development of interventions aimed at reducing the burden associated with bacterial STIs worldwide.

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Section: Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial vaginosis: a synthesis of the literature on etiology, prevalence, risk factors, and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections

et al. 2016

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“…Reproductive tract infection has been found in 30% of cases in women with the number of CD4+ lymphocytes <200 cells/ml and in 17 % of cases in women with the level of CD4+ >200 cells / ml.Reproductive tract infection was detected in 23% of cases while receiving HAART, and in 18.6% of cases when there was no antiretroviral therapy. At low CD4+ levels in HIV-positive women, the detection of reproductive tract infection is higher, but the use of HAART does not reduce the prevalence of it [44]. The main goal of HAART is to interrupt virus replication in the body and increase the number of CD4 + lymphocytes to restore a normal immune response.…”

Section: Features Of Vaginal Microbiocenosis In Highly Active Anti-rementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Microbiocenosis Features in HIV-positive Women of Fertile Age

Марянян

Rashidova

Колесникова

2020

JPRI

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Aim and Objective of Our Study: The aim and objective of our study is to analyze the research data that has been studying the effect of HIV infection on vaginal microbiocenosis and further, to determine the differences in dysbiotic disorders in seronegative and seropositive women. We have also assessed the effect of vaginal microbiota on pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV. Materials and Methods: Evaluation of the Russian and other countries results on the microbiota of HIV-positive women studies, published in international databases. Results: The analysis of the research data aimed at studying the effect of HIV infection on the vaginal microbiocenosis indicates that dysbiotic disorders in HIV-infected patients are significantly more frequent. It has been revealed that the atypical clinical picture of changes in the vaginal microbiocenosis prevails. It has been noted that there is a correlation of vaginal microbiocenosis in HIV-positive women and indicators of systemic immunity, CD4 + cell levels. Conclusion: Based on analysis of published in international databases Russian and other countries studies results on the HIV-positive women microbiota, it was found that there is a need for additional studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of HIV-positive women. It is need to assess the of the vaginalmicrobiotaand other possible connected factors ability to change the concentration of antiretroviral drugs.

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“…L'infection au virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) était un facteur de risque de vaginoses liées aux bactéries Gram positive et aux Candida spp. Ces résultats sont en accord avec ceux d'études antérieures (Watts et al, 2006 ;Meenakshi et al, 2015). L'affaiblissement du système immunitaire de l'hôte humain par l'infection à VIH pourrait expliquer le risque augmenté d'infection par d'autres pathogènes tels que ceux impliqués dans les infections génitales.…”

Section: Diagnostic Présomptif De L'infection Génitaleunclassified

Prévalence des germes impliqués dans les infections vaginales chez les femmes camerounaises et facteurs de risque

Mogtomo¹,

Njiki²,

Longang³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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Les infections du tractus génital femelle représentent un problème de santé publique. Au Cameroun, les données concernant leur épidémiologie sont de plus en plus disponibles mais néanmoins restent obsolètes particulièrement dans la ville de Douala. Une étude transversale a été conduite dans trois hôpitaux de la ville de Douala dans le but de déterminer la prévalence des infections génitales et les facteurs de risque associés. Ainsi, 300 femmes ont été incluses dans l'étude. Une fiche d'enquête a été utilisée pour collecter les informations des participantes. Des prélèvements vaginaux ont été collectés, caractérisés et mis en culture. Les anticorps anti-VIH ont été recherchés dans le sérum des patientes. La prévalence des infections génitales et de l'infection à VIH était 28% et 25,7% respectivement. Les germes rencontrés étaient les bactéries Gram+ (17,7%), Candida spp. (11,0%), coccobacilles (0,7%) et les bactéries Gram-(0,7%). L'infection à VIH, le statut matrimonial, la contraception orale et l'utilisation de produit lors de la toilette vaginale étaient des facteurs de risque. Le risque élevé de vaginoses trouvé dans cette étude souligne le besoin de l'implémentation de programmes communautaires de détection précoce des infections génitales et d'information-éducationcommunication.

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Lower Genital Tract Infections in HIV-Infected Women: Can We Afford to Miss?

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Bacterial vaginosis: a synthesis of the literature on etiology, prevalence, risk factors, and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections

Bacterial vaginosis: a synthesis of the literature on etiology, prevalence, risk factors, and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections

Vaginal Microbiocenosis Features in HIV-positive Women of Fertile Age

Prévalence des germes impliqués dans les infections vaginales chez les femmes camerounaises et facteurs de risque

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