Background
Diverse ethnic groups that exist in Iran may differ regarding the risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and family history of non-communicable disease. Premature Coronary Artery Disease (PCAD) is more endemic in Iran than before. This study sought to assess the association between ethnicity and lifestyle behaviors in eight major Iranian ethnic groups with PCAD.
Methods
In this study, 2863 patients aged ≤ 70 for women and ≤ 60 for men who underwent coronary angiography were recruited in a multi-center framework. All the patients’ demographic, laboratory, clinical, and risk factor data were retrieved. Eight large ethnicities in Iran, including the Farses, the Kurds, the Turks, the Gilaks, the Arabs, the Lors, the Qashqai, and the Bakhtiari were evaluated for PCAD. Different lifestyle components and having PCAD were compared among the ethnical groups using multivariable modeling.
Results
The mean age of the 2863 patients participated was 55.66 ± 7.70 years. The Fars ethnicity with 1654 people, was the most subject in this study. Family history of more than three chronic diseases (1279 (44.7%) was the most common risk factor. The Turk ethnic group had the highest prevalence of ≥ 3 simultaneous lifestyle-related risk factors (24.3%), and the Bakhtiari ethnic group had the highest prevalence of no lifestyle-related risk factors (20.9%). Adjusted models showed that having all three abnormal lifestyle components increased the risk of PCAD (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.04–1.06). The Arabs had the most chance of getting PCAD among other ethnicities (OR = 2.26, 95%CI: 1.40–3.65). While, the Kurds with a healthy lifestyle showed the lowest chance of getting PCAD (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.05–3.67)).
Conclusions
This study found there was heterogeneity in having PACD and a diverse distribution in its well-known traditional lifestyle-related risk factors among major Iranian ethnic groups.
Introduction: Recently, a high percentage of post-discharge patients have reported persistent symptoms after COVID-19 recovery. However, there is limited comprehensive information regarding nature’s symptoms and association with potential factors. Objectives: We aimed to assess the inpatients’ characteristics and the prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms at admission and four weeks after recovery to recognize the potential factors related to the persistent symptoms. Patients and Methods: We assessed the medical information of 262 severe and 546 non-severe COVID-19 inpatients at admission, and during the first and four weeks after post-discharge from the Khorshid COVID Cohort (KCC) study. Results: Cough, dyspnea, and fatigue were the most reported symptoms at admission, and continuously were declined over the time (all P<0.01). However, the complaint of weight loss was increased during follow-up (P=0.01). Older age (P<0.0001), male gender (P=0.02), administration of hydroxychloroquine (P=0.017), and the interval time from illness onset to visit hospital (P<0.0001) augmented the remaining respiratory symptoms risk. Additionally, more length of hospital stay correlated to the lower risk of persistent constitutional symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study points out the greater rehabilitation needs and management of persistent symptoms, in particular cough, dyspnea, fatigue and weight loss, and their related factors.
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