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The present study was undertaken to investigate some water quality parameters (pH, BOD, DO and water temperature), anion concentration ( 524to the users of the river water but also poses risks for the aquatic organisms especially fish of the water bodies. So the occurrence of high bacterial load concluded that the water of Dhaleshwari river is polluted and unhygienic for drinking and even unsuitable for domestic purposes without proper treatment.

Highlights The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 poses a global health emergency. To date, there is no FDA approved therapeutics available for SARS‐CoV‐2. In-silico studies confirm the attachment inhibitor capacity of the screened compounds. Four Novel viral attachment inhibitors were designed. Novel inhibitors showed promising drug properties over existing proposed inhibitors.

Shigellosis, a bacillary dysentery, is closely associated with diarrhoea in human and causes infection of 165 million people worldwide per year. Casein-degrading serine protease autotransporter of enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) subfamily protein SigA, an outer membrane protein, exerts both cytopathic and enterotoxic effects especially cytopathic to human epithelial cell type-2 (HEp-2) and is shown to be highly immunogenic. In the present study, we have tried to impose the vaccinomics approach for designing a common peptide vaccine candidate against the immunogenic SigA of Shigella spp. At first, 44 SigA proteins from different variants of S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. boydii, and S. sonnei were assessed to find the most antigenic protein. We retrieved 12 peptides based on the highest score for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertypes analysed by NetCTL. Initially, these peptides were assessed for the affinity with MHC class I and class II alleles, and four potential core epitopes VTARAGLGY, FHTVTVNTL, HTTWTLTGY, and IELAGTLTL were selected. From these, FHTVTVNTL and IELAGTLTL peptides were shown to have 100% conservancy. Finally, IELAGTLTL was shown to have the highest population coverage (83.86%) among the whole world population. In vivo study of the proposed epitope might contribute to the development of functional and unique widespread vaccine, which might be an operative alleyway to thwart dysentery from the world.

Compound selection based on chemical similarity has been used to validate active "parent" compounds identified via database searching as viable lead compounds and to obtain initial structure-activity relationships for those leads. Twelve parent compounds that have inhibitory activity against the SH2 domain of the p56 T-cell tyrosine kinase (Lck) are the focus of this study. Lck is involved in the T-cell mediated immune response, and inhibitors of Lck protein-protein interactions could potentially be used to develop novel immunosuppressants. Similarity searches for each parent compound were performed using 2D structural fingerprints on a database containing 1,300,000 commercially available compounds. The inhibitory activity of the selected compounds was assessed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In general, the most active parent compounds yield the most high activity similar compounds; however, in two cases low activity parent compounds (i.e. inhibitory activity < 25% at 100 microM) yielded multiple similar compounds with activities > 60%. Such compounds may, therefore, be considered as viable lead compounds for optimization. Structure-activity relationships were explored by examining both ligand structures and their computed bound conformations to the protein. Functional groups common to the active compounds as well as key amino acid residues that form hydrogen bonds with the active compounds were identified. This information will act as the basis for the rational optimization of the lead compounds.

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Salinity intrusion is one of the major water‐related problems in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The intention of this study was to discuss the spatial distribution of soil and water salinity with their severity levels using geospatial techniques. The spatial analysis shows about 222 300 ha of new land being affected by various degrees of soil salinity during the last four decades. The analysis revealed that the spatial extent of salinity has been following an increasing trend and the movement of soil salinity has moved north from the coast. An increasing trend of salinity concentration in the rivers has already been found in the Lower Meghna River, Alaipur Khal (creek) of Daratona River, Gorai Madhumati, Rupsa Passur River and Bishkhali River in different districts of coastal Bangladesh. The groundwater is contaminated with a high level of salinity, which affects sources of drinking water, agriculture and the irrigation sector. Increased soil and water salinity levels cause an unfavourable environmental and hydrological situation that restricts usual crop production throughout the year. This research will assist decision makers and planners in taking proper initiatives for developing integrated land and water resources management plans for the coastal regions, which have similar environmental settings along the Bay of Bengal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.