From the ancient time, plants have been playing a key role for the betterment of mankind presenting as an extraordinary source of natural medicine. The complexity in formulating chemical based drugs as well as their health related side effects and uprising cost has led worldwide researchers to focus on medicinal plant research. Bangladesh has a vast repository of diverse plant species where about five thousand plants species have been claimed as having significant medicinal values. The researched papers on medicinal plants publishing from last few decades mention the activities of different plant bioactive compounds that are used widely in the treatment of various human ailments. Emblica officinalis is reported to possess bioactive compounds like tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, ascorbic acids and many other compounds which are confirmed to have diverse pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, radio-protective, hepatoprotective, antitissuive, immunomodulatory, hypolipedemic and many other activities. This medicinal plant is also reported to have anticancer, anti HIV-reverse transcriptase, antidiabetic, antidepressant, antiulcerogenic, wound healing activities and so forth. The current review paper summarizes the phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities and traditional uses of the plant Emblica officinalis.Hasan et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2016, 5(2): 14-21

Climate change adaptation strategies are one of the best alternatives to reduce the impacts of climate change on vegetable production. This paper examined the adaptation capacity level of the vegetable growers, determinants of their adaptation decision and constraints they are facing. Data were captured through a Questionnaire survey and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) conducted with the farmers of Bogura district, Bangladesh. Frequency counts, mean, percentage, range and linear regression model, were used to analyze the data. The survey revealed that 52% of farmers had moderate adaptation capacity followed by 28 and 20% had low and high adaptation capacity respectively. There were nine strategies in the study area, some of which common are homestead vegetable gardening, alternative irrigation, use of integrated pest management (IPM), changing the sowing time, and vegetable beds are raised. Multiple regression analysis showed that farmers adaptation capacity is characterized by their annual family income, contact with media, and distance of home to the market. Barriers to expanding adaptation strategies identified by farmers include: lack of information on climate change, shortage of land, lack of credit access, flood effect, absence of flood tolerant variety, poor soil fertility and shortage of labor. This paper recommends that the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) should provide more information focus to adaptation strategies to the farmers live close to the market, having less income and owner of small farm size.

The study was conducted to assess the growth and production of rohu (Labeo rohita) in intensive aquaculture system in relation to feed conversion ratio (FCR). To assess the weight gain, SGR and FCR, the experiment was performed in six concrete tanks under a shed located on the southern th rd corner of Faculty of Fisheries, BAU for 100 days from 26 June to 3 September, 2018. Rohu fry was released at the rate of 4 fry per tank equivalent to the stocking density of 160 fishes/decimal for treatment 1 T and at the rate of 8 fry per tank equivalent to the stocking density of 320 fishes/decimal for treatment 1 2 T . Floating feeds were used for feeding the fish in both treatments. There were three (3) replications 2 for each treatment. During experimental period, feed was given at the rate of 12%, 8%, and 4% of the body weight in first 30 days, second 30 days and final 40 days, respectively. The weight gains of fish were 42.89±1.509 g and 23.49±4.039 g for T and T respectively. The mean percent weight gain of rohu 1 2, was higher in T (588.12±0.00) than T (319.29±0.00). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T and T were 1 2 1 2 2.21 and 2.99, respectively. The specific growth rate (SGR) of rohu in T and T were 1.92±0.275 and 1 2 1.43±0.108, respectively. The SGR for T was higher and FCR was lower in production cycle than T . 1 2 The total production was obtained 201.56±0.00 g in T and 248.08±0.00 g in T , respectively with 100% 1 2 survival rate in both the treatments.

The efficiency of feed is considered as one of the most crucial factors that affects the growth performance, feed conversion ratio and yield as well. The study was aimed to compare the growth parameters of tilapia at different stocking densities to detect the efficiency of sinking feed assessing the growth trends at various sampling stages. To evaluate the comparative yield, the study was carried out in twelve concrete tanks under an outdoor laboratory shed. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry was released at the rate of 8 fry per tank as per the recommended stocking density of 320 fishes/decimal and 4 fry per tank equivalent to the stocking density of 160 fishes/decimal in intensive and semi-intensive aquaculture system, respectively. To evaluate the growth trends sinking feed was used for feeding the fish during the experimental period for T1 (Intensive) and T2 (Semi-intensive), respectively. The feed was supplied in each with three replications at the rate of 20%, 15%, and 10% of the body weight of fish, respectively. The daily ration of feed was delivered to fish dividing into two parts daily. Aeration facilities using air stone aerator were installed for 24 hours. To assume the consecutive growth trends, weight of fish was recorded in 3 days interval to have better understanding on the yield performance in relation to the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Water quality parameters i.e., temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) were recorded two times daily. The final weight gains of fish were 133.77±5.65 gm and 50.70±2.40 gm for T1 and T2, respectively. The mean percent weight gain of tilapia was higher in T1 (1127.25±0.00) than T2 (518.51±0.00 gm). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T1 and T2 were 1.97±0.11 and 1.70±0.07, respectively. The specific growth rates (SGR) of tilapia in T1 4.90±3.03 and 4.78±3.83 considering the data at the beginning and the end of the production cycle, respectively. Higher total production was obtained in T1 (1070.19 gm) than T2 (610.00 gm) with 100% survival in both the treatments. The present study reveals that, the efficiency of sinking feed was higher in T1 than T2 and farmers might be suggested to practice tank-based intensive aquaculture system to get higher production in a short period of time.

The stocking density is considered one of the most critical factors that affects the growth performance and production as well. The study was aimed to compare the growth parameters of tilapia at different stocking densities. The growth performance usually considered as the data of the beginning and the end of production cycle avoiding intermediary data for the measurement is highly criticized by the scholars due to the abjection of the accuracy. However, the utilization of floating feed by fish can be acquainted addressing the growth performance at different stages of fish growth. To evaluate the growth performance, the study was conducted in twelve concrete tanks under an outdoor laboratory shed from 10 th May to 29 th July, 2017. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry was released at the rate of 8 fry per tank as per the recommended stocking density of 320 fishes/decimal and 4 fry per tank equivalent to the stocking density of 160 fishes/decimal in intensive semi-intensive aquaculture system, respectively. To evaluate the growth performance floating feed was used for feeding the fish during the experimental period for T1 (Intensive) and T2 (Semi-intensive), respectively. Each with three replications at the rate of 20%, 15%, and 10% of the body weight feed was supplied in 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd month, respectively. The daily ration of feed was delivered to fish in the morning and at the evening dividing into two parts. Aeration facilities using air stone aerator were installed for 24 hours. The weight of fish was recorded using digital balance in 3 days interval to assume the trend of consecutive growth of fish while a customized scoop net was used to sample the fish. Water quality parameters i.e., temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) were recorded two times (morning & evening) daily. The weight gains of fish were 132.23±1.29 and 63.12±4.97gm for T1 and T2, respectively. The mean percent weight gain of tilapia was higher in T1 (1715.05±0.00) than T2 (747±0.00 gm). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T1 and T2 were 2.53±0.18 and 2.13±0.20, respectively. The specific growth rates (SGR) of tilapia in T1 6.26.98±2.28 and 4.78±3.83 considering the data at the beginning and the end of the production cycle, respectively. However, the growth performance and SGR was higher at the initial stage of production cycle and lower in the later stages. Higher total production was obtained in T1 (1119.52 g) than T2 (830.96 g) with 100% survival in both the treatments.