Palm fiber (PF) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composite matrix was prepared by employing Injection Moulding Machine (IMM). Palm fiber was collected from ten different trees of different age group from Comilla region in Bangladesh. Three sets of samples were prepared for three different wt% (5%, 10% and 20%) of fiber contents. The mechanical (tensile strength, flexural stress, micro hardness, Leeb's rebound hardness) and physical (bulk density and water absorption) properties were measured. The observed result reveals that the tensile strength (TS) and flexural stress (FS) were decreased with increasing fiber contents in the PF-ABS composites except 10% fiber content.
With the aid of Injection Moulding Machine (IMM) Palm fiber reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) composites (PF-ABS) were prepared. Three sets of samples were prepared for three different wt% (5%, 10% and 20%) of fiber contents. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments were performed to study the surface morphology, microstructure (if it crystalline or noncrystalline) and new bond formation after preparation of the composites. SEM pattern shows that after addition of palm fiber in PF-ABS composites the brittleness increased due to creation of voids in the composites except 10% fiber content in PF-ABS. From XRD pattern it is clear that the palm fiber, ABS and PF-ABS composites are amorphous in nature. Moreover FTIR spectrum shows that there is no new bond formed after addition of palm fiber in ABS polymeric matrix to create PF-ABS composites.
The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of seeds extracted from the Holarrhena antidysenterica plant (Family: Apocynaceae). The seeds of H. antidysenterica were extracted with pure ethanol and administered to the experimental Swiss albino mice at three different doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight) in pain models. Peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, and heat-induced (hot plate and tail immersion test) pain models were applied for central anti-nociceptive activity evaluation. Formalin induced licking test was applied to evaluate both peripheral and central anti-nociceptive activity on mice. Computational studies were performed by Schr€ odinger Maestro v10.1 for molecular docking and the SwissADME online server for ADME prediction of compounds. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, dosedependent reduction of writhing response was observed with 43.94% (p < 0.001) writhing inhibition at 150 mg/ kg dose compared to standard 60.98% (p < 0.001). 150 mg/kg caused a maximum decrease in licking and biting time in both early and late phases of the formalin-induced licking test (71.2 AE 5.67, p < 0.05, and 36.6 AE 5.62, p < 0.01 respectively). In both tests of central analgesic activity, the extract also showed dose-dependent antinociceptive activity. In the hot plate method, the highest %MPE was 67.39 (p < 0.001) at 30 min at 150 mg/kg dose, which was even better than the standard drug. In the case of the tail immersion method, the highest %MPE was 69.84 at a dose of 150 mg/kg at 30 min (p < 0.001). In molecular docking study, Conimine, Conarrhimin, Conessine, and Funtudienine showed the best binding affinities against the COX-1 enzyme. The study indicates that the ethanolic seed extract of H. antidysenterica has the strong potentiality of having central analgesic activity and moderate peripheral analgesic activity due to the presence of bioactive compounds in its seeds.
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