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Studies on Mg substituted Zn-Cu ferrites with chemical formula of Zn 0.6-Cu 0.4-x Mg x Fe 2 O 4 were synthesized by solid-state reaction technique. The structural phase of all the samples is characterized by XRD, show single phased cubic spinel structure. Density of the samples increases with the increase of Mg quantity. Average grain diameter decreases with increasing Mg content. All samples show soft ferromagnetic behavior as confirmed from the M-H hysteresis loop obtained from the VSM analysis. Thesaturation magnetization decreases with increasing Mg quantity. Increasing and decreasing trend of coercivity with the increase of Mg quantityis observed, which led to the slightly hard magnetic phase. The high frequencies create more effective for the ferrite grains of advanced conductivity and minor dielectric constant for all the samples but the AC electrical resistivity and dielectric constant are initiate to be more operational at lower frequencies. The variation of resistivity, dielectric constant with the Mg concentration is completely related to the porosity and bulk density.

Currently, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and simple synthesis techniques are drawing the attention of nanoparticle researchers. The conversion of silver ions to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is carried out using the Adenia trilobata leaf extract, which is capable of acting as an exclusive reducing agent. AgNPs show very crucial antibacterial properties and are nontoxic for humans. The color of the solution changes from light blue to brown, ensuring the formation on nanoparticles. The biosynthesized AgNPs are incorporated into cotton fiber, and their antibacterial activity on gram negative ( E. coli) bacteria has been studied. The UV/Vis and absorption spectroscopy analysis shows a surface plasmon resonance peak at 445 nm. The x-ray diffraction measurement reveals peaks at 38.02 and 44.23, and the average particle size is 18.30 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy has been performed to find the size, shape, and morphology of the treated nanoparticles and the AgNP-incorporated cotton fiber. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy result shows the presence of functional groups of AgNPs and capping agents. The antibacterial activity on gram negative ( E. coli) bacterial strains for the both cases showed a promising result.

Aims: In past, labour was extensively used in agriculture sector and there was huge surplus labour in agriculture sector. However, such trend has recently been changed where surplus labour in agricultural sector has reduced significantly and agriculture sector compete with non-agricultural sector in terms of hiring labour. Thus, the present study was undertaken to analyze the determinants of labour migration from agriculture sector to non-agricultural sector in Gopalganj district of Bangladesh. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at 12 villages of three upazilas (Gopalganj Sadar, Tungipara and Kotalipara) in Gopalganj district. For the study, data were collected during the period from January to March in 2021. Methodology: To this end, primary data were collected from agricultural labours. Descriptive statistics and simple random sampling technique were used in this study. Binary logistic model was used to analyze the collected data. In addition, five point likert scale was used to rank the barrier towards internal labour migration. Results: Results found from the logit model indicate that factors like family size, education, past experience, access to available information, transportation facilities, and savings are positively related with the log of odd ratio in favor of labour migration from agriculture sector to non-agricultural sector while wage rate, age, off-farm income and farm holdings are inversely related with labour transfer from agriculture sector to non-agricultural sector. In addition, respondents in the study area have recognized lack of proper technical training as the major constraint in labour migration with a mean value of 4.48. Conclusion: The present study recommends that government should take initiatives to open skill development institutions in rural level so that agricultural labour can take training. Regarding necessary information on non-agricultural jobs, it can be recommended that government, local agents and NGOs, in case of migration, should take proper initiatives so that agricultural labours can easily get information about non-agricultural jobs.

In this research, the ability of the leaf extract of Justicia adhatoda is observed as a unique reducing agent for bioconversion of copper ions to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). CuO NPs have significant antibacterial activity and nontoxicity toward humans. The formation of nanoparticles is confirmed by the color change of the solution from light blue to brown because of the trouble of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The optical study showed an SPR peak at 280 nm. The interaction of CuO NPs excipients with the biomolecules is studied using x-ray diffraction and particle size is also calculated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy has been applied to recognize the size, shape, and morphology of nanoparticles, which is incorporated in cotton. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the reduction of CuO NPs was due to the biomolecules present in the leaf extract, which acted as reducing, in addition to capping, agents. The synthesized CuO NPs-coated cotton were tested for antibacterial activity to both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, which are applicable for the fabrication of an antibacterial cotton textile.

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