We have measured the frequency dependent extinction coefficients and refractive indices of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes consisting of hexamethylbenzene (HMB; electron donor) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE; electron acceptor) in the low-frequency region by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). A mixture of the 1:1 (DA) and 2:1 (D2A) EDA complexes exist in carbon tetrachloride solution, and we successfully obtained the spectral components of the 1:1 and 2:1 EDA complexes separately by analyzing the concentration dependence of the THz spectra. The 1:1 and 2:1 complexes show quite different THz spectra of the extinction coefficient, reflecting unique features of dynamics, fluctuations and intermolecular interactions of these complexes. Polarization-selective THz-TDS on the crystalline DA complex shows two peaks at 53 and 70 cm(-1) in the spectral component perpendicular to the crystal axis. On the other hand, the crystalline D2A complex exhibits peaks at 42 and 50 cm(-1) in the perpendicular spectral component. We compare the obtained spectra of the crystalline complex and the results of molecular orbital calculations at the HF/6-31G(d) level of theory to discuss the intermolecular vibrational modes of the complexes.

We present frequency-dependent absorption coefficients and refractive indices of sulfur-containing biomolecules in the far-infrared region measured by terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS). The THz radiation was generated by a surface photocurrent method with a (100)InAs wafer as a THz emitter, and its intensity was enhanced by applying a magnetic field of 1.6 T. The THz radiation was detected by the electrooptic sampling method with a ZnTe crystal. The characterization of the apparatus of THz TDS is discussed in detail. The spectral features in the THz region are different among sulfur-containing biomolecules of L,Lcystine, L-cysteine, L-methionine, and oxidized glutathione in powder. These results demonstrate that THz TDS is a promising method for studies on the low-frequency spectra of complex molecules and identification of materials. We present a calculation method to analyze the THz spectra based on a model function for dynamics of the dipoles, which allows us to obtain spectral information characterizing the low-frequency responses of the molecules. The experimental results are compared with ab initio calculations to discuss assignment of the vibrational modes.

Rotational energy transfer in HBr(v=1)+HBr collisions has been investigated using an optical pump-probe double resonance technique at ambient temperature. Rotationally state selective excitation of v=1 for rotational levels in the range J=0-9 was achieved by stimulated Raman pumping, and the evolution of population was monitored using (2+1) resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of the g (3) summation (-)-X (1) summation (+)(0-1) band. Collision-induced population transfer events with DeltaJ

After improvement of hygiene protocols on boots in a bovine operation (farm A) in Ibaraki, Japan in September 2017, mortality of calves and the detection of 4 viral pathogen indicators, including bovine rotavirus A (RVA), became significantly low for one year. Subsequently, in the present study, these indicators and mortality were monitored and confirmed all were still low, except for the detection rate of bovine RVA in calves less than 3 weeks old. The present study aimed to investigate G and P genotypic profiles of RVAs in farm A from 2018 to 2020.Molecular analysis using semi-nested multiplex RT-PCR of positive RVAs (n = 122) and sequencing of selected samples revealed the presence of G6, G8, G10, P[1], P[5] and P [11] genotypes and the prevalence of G and/or P combination and mixed infections. The most common combination of G and P types was G10P[11] (41.8%), followed by mixed infection with G6+G10P[5] (11.5%). Phylogenetic analysis of RVAs showed clustering with bovine and other animal-derived RVA strains, suggesting the possibility of multiple reassortant events with strains of bovine and others animal origins. Noteworthy as well is that vaccinated cattle might fail to provide their offspring with maternal immunity against RVA infections, due to insufficient colostrum feeding. Our findings further highlight the importance of RVA surveillance in bovine populations, which may be useful to improving effective routine vaccination and hygiene practices on bovine farms.

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The recent demonstration of a discharge-driven oxygen-iodine laser has generated renewed interest in the kinetics of iodine interacting with electronically excited O2 and atomic O. Kinetic measurements that are of relevance to the laser have been carried out using 193 nm pulsed laser photolysis of N2O/I2/CO2 mixtures. Singlet oxygen was generated in this system by the reaction O(1D)+N2O-->O2(a1Deltag, X3Sigma-g)+N2. The fraction of electronically excited O2 produced by this channel was shown to be >0.9. The secondary photochemistry of the N2O/I2/CO2 system was characterized by monitoring the time histories of I(2P1/2), I2, IO, and O2(a). Kinetic modeling of these data was used to determine the rate constant for the deactivation of I(2P1/2) by O(3P) (k=(1.2+/-0.1)x10(-11) cm3 s(-1)). Quenching of I(2P1/2) by O(3P) is suppressed in the discharge-driven laser by using NO2 to scavenge the O atoms. The reaction O(3P)+NO2-->O2+NO is sufficiently exothermic for the production of O2(a), and it has been speculated that this channel may be significant in the laser excitation kinetics. Photolysis of NO2 was used to probe this reaction. O2(a) was not detected, and an upper bound of <0.1 for its production in the reaction of O(3P) or O(1D) with NO2 was established.