Potentially toxic elements in street dust from an urban city of a developing country: ecological and probabilistic health risks assessment

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of 16 Metals in Street Dust Collected from a Highway in a Densely Populated Metropolitan Area of Vietnam

“…5c). Similar results have been reported by Dytłow and Górka-Kostrubiec [60] and Kabir et al [22], who studied the toxic metals in street dust in Poland and Bangladesh.…”

“…The PLI values of metals in street dust fluctuate from 1.6 to 4.0, and an average value of 2.6 indicates moderate pollution (Figure 5c). Similar results have been reported by Dytłow and Górka-Kostrubiec [60] and Kabir et al [22], who studied the toxic metals in street dust in Poland and Bangladesh.…”

“…The results showed that the concentration of metals fluctuates widely up to 8430 mg/kg [6]. Various methods were employed to determine the level of metal pollution in dust, for example the enrichment factor (EF) [4], geo-accumulation index (I geo ) [18][19][20], pollution load index (PLI) [3,21], and ecological risk assessment (ERA) [4,5,[22][23][24][25][26]. The results all indicated significant potential risks of metals for human health as well as ecosystems.…”

Phytochemicals Analysis and Minerals Present in the dried used as spices: Health Risk Implication in Northern of Iraq

“…Different types of spices are grown throughout the year, but there is a lack of information on their metal contents [28]. However, few previous studies on heavy metal contents in fruits and vegetables were conducted sporadically, but they were confined to a specific region [29]. Heavy metals in higher concentration ranges have been reported in vegetables grown with wastewaters compared to those grown with groundwater.…”

“…Heavy metals may enter the body of an organism directly from the abiotic environment, i.e., water, sediments, and soil or may enter the organism body from its food/prey [29]. Spices have yielded a slew of natural substances with welldefined antibacterial activities.…”