Characteristics and Risk Assessment of 16 Metals in Street Dust Collected from a Highway in a Densely Populated Metropolitan Area of Vietnam

Abstract

The present study focused on investigating the contamination and risk assessment for 16 metals in street dust from Ha Noi highway, Ho Chi Minh City. The results indicated that the concentrations of metals (mg/kg) were found, in decreasing order, to be Ti (676.3 ± 155.4) > Zn (519.2 ± 318.9) > Mn (426.6 ±113.1) > Cu (144.7 ± 61.5) > Cr (81.4 ± 22.6) > Pb (52.2 ± 22.9) > V (35.5 ± 5.6) > Ni (30.9 ± 9.5) > Co (8.3 ± 1.2) > As (8.3 ± 2.5) > Sn (7.0 ± 3.6) > B (5.7 ± 0.9) > Mo (4.1 ± 1.7) > Sb (0.8 ± 0.3) > Cd (0.6 ± 0.2) > Se (0.4 ± 0.1). The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed moderate contamination levels for Pb, Cd, Cu, Sn, Mo, and Zn. The enrichment factor (EF) values revealed moderate levels for Cd, Cu, Mo, and Sn but moderate–severe levels for Zn. The pollution load index of the heavy metals was moderate. The potential ecological risk (207.43) showed a high potential. Notably, 40.7% and 33.5% of the ecological risks were contributed by Zn and Mn, respectively. These findings are expected to provide useful information to decision-makers about environmental quality control strategies.

Pollution Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water

“…It is a useful tool for assessing the magnitude of contamination and distinguishing the sources (anthropogenic or natural sources) of heavy metals calculated in soil and street dust (Dat et al 2021). Recently, the EF value has been broadly used to evaluate the contamination status of heavy metals in environmental samples (Alnuwaiser 2022;Dat et al 2021;Liu et al 2022;Nguyen et al 2021). Based on Buat-Menard and Chesselet (1979), the EF equation (Eq.)…”

“…2, as initially proposed by Muller (1979). This index has been widely used to assess the contamination levels by heavy metals, as found in the literature (Dat et al 2021;Hossain et al 2019;Looi et al 2019;Nguyen et al 2021).…”

“…A factor of 1.5 is used to include a possible variation of background values due to lithogenic effects and an index of enrichment (Muller 1979). The contamination levels based on I geo are summarized in Table 1 (Muller 1979;Nguyen et al 2021).…”

“…The EF model for heavy metals contamination (Buat-Menard & Chesselet, 1979;Nguyen et al 2021) and contamination level based on I geo (Muller 1979;Nguyen et al 2021).…”

Pollution and Health Risk Assessments of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Fine-Grained Particles (10–63 µm and <10 µm) in Road Dust from Apia City, Samoa

“…The calculated PLI values were divided into four categories, as follows [43,44]: PLI < 1 (unpolluted), 1 < PLI < 2 (low polluted), 2 < PLI < 3 (moderately polluted), and PLI > 3 (heavily polluted).…”