G and P genotype profiles of rotavirus a field strains circulating in a vaccinated bovine farm as parameters for assessing biosecurity level

Abstract

After improvement of hygiene protocols on boots in a bovine operation (farm A) in Ibaraki, Japan in September 2017, mortality of calves and the detection of 4 viral pathogen indicators, including bovine rotavirus A (RVA), became significantly low for one year. Subsequently, in the present study, these indicators and mortality were monitored and confirmed all were still low, except for the detection rate of bovine RVA in calves less than 3 weeks old. The present study aimed to investigate G and P genotypic profiles of RVAs in farm A from 2018 to 2020.Molecular analysis using semi-nested multiplex RT-PCR of positive RVAs (n = 122) and sequencing of selected samples revealed the presence of G6, G8, G10, P[1], P[5] and P [11] genotypes and the prevalence of G and/or P combination and mixed infections. The most common combination of G and P types was G10P[11] (41.8%), followed by mixed infection with G6+G10P[5] (11.5%). Phylogenetic analysis of RVAs showed clustering with bovine and other animal-derived RVA strains, suggesting the possibility of multiple reassortant events with strains of bovine and others animal origins. Noteworthy as well is that vaccinated cattle might fail to provide their offspring with maternal immunity against RVA infections, due to insufficient colostrum feeding. Our findings further highlight the importance of RVA surveillance in bovine populations, which may be useful to improving effective routine vaccination and hygiene practices on bovine farms.

Group a Rotavirus Detection in Calves and Piglets from Honduras and Panama

“…In the present study, the bovine genotypes (VP7) G2, G6, G8, G10, and P (VP4) P [1], P [2], P [4], P [6], and P [11] were identified. These results coincide with findings detected in Costa Rica [1], Brazil [12,13], Uruguay [14] Argentina [15], and other countries of the world [12,16], where high frequencies of these genotypes are reported, considered, as well as, frequent and of epidemiological importance in cattle and pigs.…”

“…Concerning the G10 P [1] genotype detected in Panama, it differs from that reported for bovine rotavirus in Latin America; however, regarding bovine rotavirus infections G6, G8, and G10 together with P [1], P [5], and P [11], respectively, are the G and P genotypes most commonly found [17]. Other investigations show detection of this same combination in goats and lambs in Bangladesh [18,19]; genotype P [1] has also been detected in cattle in Japan [16]. It is…”

Evaluation of Virucidal Quantitative Carrier Test towards Bovine Viruses for Surface Disinfectants While Simulating Practical Usage on Livestock Farms

“…In the presence of organic matter such as litter and feces, disinfectants required more time to inactivate viruses and became less effective, suggesting that a cleaning step is important before disinfection [ 1 ]. In our previous reports, it was demonstrated that changing boots at the entrance of each calf shed and performing appropriate foot baths after boot use inside the shed results in lowered virus detection rates and lowered mortality rates [ 19 , 21 ]. These results suggested that changing boots and clothes is necessary for preventing pathogens from entering the hygiene management area.…”

“…Changing personal protective equipment (clothing and footwear) could prevent transmission of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus to sentinel pigs as a result of biosecurity procedures [ 20 ]. In September 2017, improved hygiene standards on boots in a bovine operation (farm A) in Ibaraki, Japan resulted in a significant reduction in both calf mortality and detection of four viral pathogen indicators for two years, except for the detection rate of bovine RVA in calves less than 3 weeks old [ 19 , 21 ]. In December 2019, the protocols for boots hygiene were revised on farm A ( Figure 1 ).…”

Genetic Diversity of Bovine Group A Rotavirus Strains Circulating in Korean Calves during 2014 and 2018

“…A recent study from Japan investigated the G and P genotypic profiles of BoRVAs on a farm from 2018 to 2020 [ 27 ]. Molecular analysis of positive RVAs ( n = 122) using semi-nested multiplex RT-PCR, followed by sequencing of selected samples, identified G6, G8, G10, P[1], P[5], and P[11] [ 27 ].…”