Objectives:Drug residues in poultry products could lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as in any living animal and human alike. Extensive use of antibiotics in animals to promote growth rate, increase feed efficiency, and for prevention of intestinal infections has led to the development of resistant bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of biological supplementation of probiotic, phytobiotic, and their combination over antibiotic on growth performance, microbial load, and hematological parameters in Broiler. Materials and methods:Sixty-five broiler chicken were divided into five groups (12 birds in each group), namely, group A (basal diet), group B (antibiotic, Renamycin 100®), group C (phytobiotic, Galibiotic®), group D (probiotic, Bio-Top®), and group E (combination, Galibiotic®+Galibiotic®) and five were sacrificed for baseline data on day 0. Results:Average final live weight gain was highest in group D (probiotic) than other groups. The feed conversion ratio was highest in group A and lowest in the probiotic group (group C). Blood samples were collected on 14th and 28th day for hematological studies. The mean hematology values regarding the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate differed significantly (p < 0.05) among groups. The pH of all the treatment groups was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.05) where group C was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than all other groups. Highest total viable cell count was observed in control (group A) and total coliform count in phytobiotic (group C) was significantly lower than in other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion:It may conclude that biological supplements have a significant positive impact on growth performance, hematological parameters, and gut microbial load in broiler chicken of which the probiotic showing the best effects. Supplementation of probiotic in feed could be one of the best candidates as an alternative to antibiotics as growth promoter for safe broiler production.

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate dose-dependent effects of phytobiotic (Galibiotic) supplements in feed on growth performance, hematological parameters, intestinal pH, and gut bacterial population in broiler chick. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 ten day old broiler chicks were divided into five groups, namely, Group A as control (without galibiotic), Group B (galibiotic at 1 gm/kg feed), Group C (galibiotic at 2 gm/kg feed), Group D (galibiotic at 5 gm/kg feed), and Group E (galibiotic at 10 gm/kg feed). All the birds were reared for 42 days and samples were collected before and after sacrifice. Results: Live body weights showed no significant differences between the groups but overall feed conversion ratios (FCRs) of treatment groups were significantly low in Group E having the lowest. Blood samples collected for hematology differed significantly ( p < 0.01) among the different groups. Intestinal pH was lower in treatment groups with Group E having the lowest. Cecal total viable count was highest in Group A and lowest in Group E. The cecal coliform count was low in all the treatment groups. Conclusion: Along with previously published report, it may conclude that the phytobiotic could be used as an alternative to antibiotics due to positive growth performance, lower FCR, carcass quality, and improved gut health of broiler chicks.

Presence of heavy metals and antibiotics in the poultry feed even in low concentrations is considered as potentially toxic and may cause hazardous effects on animal leading to accumulate in food chain. This study was performed to assess the status of heavy metals and antibiotics residue in different poultry feed samples collected from local markets of Mymensingh and Kishoreganj sadar upazila of Bangladesh. A total of 40 poultry feed samples were analyzed to detect the concentration of three heavy metals- chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and antibiotic residues using thin layer chromatography. A survey was also conducted among 30 feed sellers in the study areas whose knowledge regarding presence of heavy metals and antibiotics residues in poultry feed was evaluated. Survey data showed that about 80% feed sellers were literate whereas 20% were illiterate. Around 23% feed sellers had knowledge about the presence of heavy metals and 90% had about antibiotic residues in poultry feeds and its detrimental public health effects. The average Cr, Cd and Pb contents in poultry feed collected from Mymensingh sadar upazila were 0.402, 1.630 and 18.314 mgkg-1, respectively. The average content of Cr and Cd in feed collected from Kishoreganj sadar upazila were 7.884 and 0.006 mgkg-1, respectively, whereas Pb content was below the detection level in this area. The results from this study showed that Cd and Pb in Mymensingh sadar upazila, Cr in Kishoreganj sadar upazila, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and oxytetracycline in both upazilas were present at alarming levels in most of the feed samples which could be harmful for poultry as well as human health. Therefore, it is suggested to take proper steps for monitoring and regular detection of heavy metals and antibiotic residues in poultry feeds with sources identification as we as community-based awareness among the stakeholder.

Many medicinal plants are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of various ailments, including diabetes, all around the world. This study was designed to elucidate the comparative efficacy of Tribulus terrestris, Andrographis paniculata, and Lagerstroemia speciosa on glucose intolerance, lipid profile, renal and pancreatic injury in alloxan induced type-1 diabetic mice. In this study, four-week-old male Swiss Albino mice were divided into six groups of five each. To assess toxicity, Group-X was given saline water, while Group-Y was given a combination herbal formulation at a high dose (1 g/kg bwt). No adverse effect of combined formula on body weight and blood glucose was observed in normal healthy mice. The other four groups were labeled as Group-A, healthy normal mice; Group-B, Diabetic mice; Group-C, Diabetic mice treated with Andrographis paniculata, Tribulus terristris @ 200 mg/kg and Lagerstroemia speciosa @ 0.5ml/animal; and Group-D, Diabetic mice treated with Amaryl®@ 800 g/kg bwt. The combined formulation improved body weight loss significantly (P<0.001) compared to diabetic control group after 8 weeks of treatment. Combined formulation and Amaryl® decreased non-significantly total cholesterol, plasma triglyceride and plasma creatinine level compared to diabetic control. However, HDL and LDL levels remained unchanged by the treatment. Consistent with these findings, histopathological evaluation revealed that combined formulation partially improved renal glomerular sclerosis and hypertrophy, tubular damage and pancreatic β-cells damage reflected its renal and pancreatic damage curative property. The obtained results suggest that combined use of Andrographis paniculata, Tribulus terrestris and Lagerstroemia speciosa as antidiabetic herbal formulation, synergizing its therapeutic value in treating hyperglycemia and diabetes related complications mainly renal and pancreatic injury.

Many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace antibiotics as growth promoters. Probiotics and phytobiotics are some of the products that can be used as growth promoters in broiler. The present study was designed to investigate either single or combined effect of a probiotic and phytobiotic on serum bio-chemistry and growth performances in broilers. A total of 50 Cobb-500 day old chicks were divided into five groups (10 birds each). The birds of Group A were offered a basal diet (corn-soya based), Group B basal diet + 0.10% Renamycin 100®, Group C basal diet + 0.15% probiotic (Bio-Top®), Group D basal diet + 0.10% phytobiotic (Galibiotic) and Group E basal diet + 0.15% Bio-Top® + 0.10% Galibiotic. Body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and serum bio-chemistry (Triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, creatinine) were recorded. Serum biochemical values differed significantly (P<0.05) among the groups. The average final live weight gain was 665grams, 686grams, 1095grams, 780grams and 1065grams in groups A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The feed conversion ratio was 2.1, 1.96, 1.72, 1.83, and 1.75 in A, B, C, D and E group, respectively. The present study revealed that supplementation of probiotic and phytobiotic in feed significantly reduced triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL values compared to value of control group (P<0.05). Probiotic or its’ combination with phytobiotic has the potential to be exemplary alternatives to antibiotic as growth promoters. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2019, 4 (1), 1-6