Lysosomes are the main degradative organelles of cells and involved in a variety of processes including the recycling of macromolecules, storage of compounds, and metabolic signaling. Despite an increasing interest in the proteomic analysis of lysosomes, no systematic study of sample preparation protocols for lysosome enriched fractions has been performed to date. In the current study, we used samples enriched for lysosomes by paramagnetic nanoparticles and systematically evaluated experimental parameters for the analysis of the lysosomal proteome. This includes different approaches for the concentration of lysosome-containing fractions; desalting of samples by solid phase extraction; fractionation of peptide samples; and different gradient lengths for LC-MS/MS analyses of unfractionated samples by data dependent and data independent acquisition. Furthermore, we evaluated four different digestion methods including filter aided sample preparation (FASP), in-gel digestion, and in-solution digestion using either RapiGest or urea. Using the combined data, we generated a benchmark lysosomal proteome data set for mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as a spectral library for the analysis of lysosomes by data independent acquisition.

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An extract of nishyinda (Vitex negundo) leaves, black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) (polyherbal extract) were used as growth promoter in broilers. A total of 20 day-old broiler chicks were purchased and after seven days of acclimatization randomly divided into two equal groups. No vaccination schedule was practised and no antibiotics were added in rations. Group A served as control while group B was supplemented with polyherbal extract 1 mL/litre in drinking water. Weekly body weight gain up to six weeks was measured and blood tests were performed at 21 and 42 days. Polyherbal extract significantly (P<0.05) improved weight gain. There was no change in haematological parameters. It can be concluded that the polyherbal extract was safe as a growth promoter in broiler production without adverse effects on chicken health. (Bangl.

Lysosomes play a key role in the regulation of cellular metabolism and are increasingly recognized as highly active and diverse organelles which are involved in a large variety of processes. Their essential role is exemplified by the detrimental consequences of lysosomal malfunction, which can result in lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Using lysosome enrichment and mass spectrometry, we investigated the lysosomal proteomes of six common cell lines. We provide first evidence for cell-type specific differences of lysosomes on a large scale, showing highly variable levels of distinct lysosomal proteins within one cell type, while others are highly conserved among cell lines. Using stable isotope labelling and bimodal distribution analysis, we identify high confidence lysosomal proteins for each cell line. Multi cell line correlation of these data reveals potential novel lysosomal proteins, and we confirm lysosomal localization for five candidates. All data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020600.

The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of aqueous extract of Neem leaves against colibacillosis and as a growth promoter in broilers. A total of 40 commercial day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups; viz. A, B, C and D. Group A was kept as non-treated control, Group B  and C was treated with 1% Neem leaves in drinking water for six weeks,  and colibacillosis was induced at 2nd week in group C and  D. In group D, Neem leaves treatment continued from 2nd to 6th week after the colibacillosis induction to compare its antibacterial efficacy to prophylactic effect. Escherichia coli induction rate was 200µl per bird where 1 ml contains approximately 1X106 CFU (Colony Forming Unit). Data were recorded for live body weight, weekly gain in weight and hematological parameters of birds for six weeks. Clinical examination and antibacterial sensitivity studies  suggests administration of aqueous extract of Neem leaves significantly (p<0.001) improved body weight gain in the Neem treated groups but did not prevent E. coli induced colibacillosis in broilers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20715 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (2): 138-141

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of tulsi (Vitex negundo) leaves, black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cloves (Curcuma longa) extract (TBC extract) as a growth promoter in broilers. A total of 20 day-old broiler chicks were purchased from Nourish Hatchery and after seven days of acclimatization the chicks were randomly divided into two equal groups A and B. No vaccination schedule was practiced and no antibiotics were added in ration of either group A or group B. Group A served as control without any supplement while group B was supplemented with TBC extract @ 1ml/litre in drinking water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain upto 6 th weeks and blood tests were performed at 21 st and 42 nd day to find out hematological changes between control A and treatment B group. The food conversion ratio (FCR) in group A was 1.94 while that in group B was 1.87. The result suggests that TBC extract played a vital role in gaining body weight in the treatment group B which gained significantly (p <0.01) higher body weight (1660±32.80 gm) in comparison to control group A (1550±21.20 gm). For the hematological parameters (TEC, PCV, Hb and ESR) no significant change was observed between treatment A and control B group suggesting no side effects of herbal extracts in broiler. From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that the TBC extract is economic and safe in broiler production.

The Kanda tribe is one of the lesser known small tribes of Bangladesh with an estimated population of about 1700 people (according to them), and on the verge of extinction as a separate entity. To some extent, they have assimilated with the surrounding mainstream Bengali-speaking population, but they still maintain their cultural practices including traditional medicinal practices, for which they have their own tribal healers. Nothing at all has been documented thus far about their traditional medicinal practices and formulations, which are on the verge of disappearance. The Kanda tribe can be found only in scattered tea gardens of Sreemangal in Sylhet district of Bangladesh; dispersion of the tribe into small separated communities is also contributing to the fast losing of traditional medicinal practices. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among the traditional healers of the Kanda tribe (in fact, only one such healer was found after extensive searches). Information was collected from the healer with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method. A total of 24 formulations were obtained from the healer containing 34 plants including two plants, which could not be identified. Besides medicinal plants, the Kanda healer also used the body hairs of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and bats (Pteropus giganteus giganteus) in one of his formulation for treatment of fever with shivering. The ailments treated by the Kanda healer were fairly common ailments like cuts and wounds, skin diseases, helminthiasis, fever, respiratory problems (coughs, asthma), gastrointestinal disorders (stomach pain, constipation, diarrhea), burning sensations during urination, various types of pain (headache, body ache, toothache, ear ache), conjunctivitis, poisonous snake, insect or reptile bites, jaundice, and bone fractures. A number of important drugs in allopathic medicine like quinine, artemisinin, and morphine (to name only a few) have been discovered from observing indigenous medicinal practices. From that view point, the formulations used by the Kanda healer merit scientific studies for their potential in the discovery of cheap and effective new drugs. Scientific validation of the medicinal formulations of the Kanda healer can also be effective for treatment of ailments among this tribe, which does not have or does not want to have any contact with modern medicine.

The genus Erythrina is a potential source of chemical constituents, many of which medicinal properties. Although some reviews on chemical constituents of particular Erythrina species could be found, no detailed review covering the chemistry of different Erythrina species has been reported to the best of my knowledge. Therefore, the aim of this review was to compile the phytoconstituents reported from various species of Erythrina. A total of 155 secondary metabolites have been published from 15 species of Erythrina. Among them E. subumbrans and E. variegata consist of the highest number of chemical constituents.