The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of communication and conflict resolution skills training on marital satisfaction among Iranian couples based on PREPARE-ENRICH program. In this study, marital satisfaction was measured by ENRICH Marital Satisfaction. The methodology of this study was experimental method; with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. Purposive sampling was conducted to select the sample that was included 54 couples who were consisted of all couples referred to the researcher by counselling centres. The referrals were done for about two months in 2009. These couples were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group as well. The dependent variables were marital satisfaction, and the independent variables were communication and conflict resolution skills training. Consequently, the results indicated that communication and conflict resolution skills training improved marital satisfaction (p< .05). Moreover, the results showed that communication and conflict resolution training was effective in martial satisfaction in post-test (p<.05). In conclusion the findings of this study indicated that the on PREPARE-ENRICH program can be effective in improving marital satisfaction among Iranian couples.

School counselors' role in the formation and transformation of the Malaysian education system is indispensable. This study employs the Social Cognitive Theory to examine the relationship between the sources of counseling self-efficacy and the Malaysian school counselors' counseling self-efficacy. The Sources of Counseling Self-Efficacy questionnaire and the Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory were used on 541 school counselors nationwide, as the respondents. The result reveals mastery experience has the strongest relationship with counseling self-efficacy. Recommendations on how to strengthen self-efficacy are proposed.

Substance use disorder is known to adversely affect both the user as well as his or her family members. A consequence of chemical dependence on family members is co-dependence. Codependence is associated with an excessive focus on the needs and behaviors of the person with substance use disorder. Most studies in the field of drug-related problems in Iran have focused on the substance user, while few studies have been carried out on the family members. A qualitative case study approach was employed to explore characteristics of codependence among wives of persons with substance use disorder in Iran where substance use disorder is a notable social harm. Purposive snowball sampling technique was used to identify 11 Iranian wives of individuals with substance use disorder. The data were collected through in-depth, face-to-face interviews, non-participation observation, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The analysis yielded five main characteristics of co-dependence among wives of persons with substance use disorder, namely: Denial, enabling behavior, low self-worth, enmeshed self, and weak spiritual relationship with God. The findings showed that except for a weak spiritual relationship with God, most of the characteristics of co-dependence among the participants were similar to the traits of co-dependents found in previous studies conducted outside Iran.

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of cognitive (cognitive skills training) and developmental intervention (sensory-perceptual skills training) on performance and reading ability of dyslexic students. In the study 60 dyslexic students participated and they were divided into three experimental groups including 20 students as the first experimental group (E1), 20 students as the second experimental group (E2), and 20 students as the control group (C). The effectiveness of the 16-session intervention for both E1 and E2 groups was measured by Reading and Dyslexic test (RTD) as screening test at the beginning and followed by the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test (BVMGT) and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test (ROCF). The results were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare mean scores among the three dyslexic groups after intervention. Findings suggest that developmental intervention significantly improves RDT, BVMGT and memory scale of ROCF performance of dyslexic students. However, cognitive intervention does not appear to significantly increase performance of the students compared to the control group.

This study examined the effects of communication and conflict resolution skills training on mental health among
Iranian couples based on the PREPARE/ENRICH program. In this study, mental health was measured by
General Health Questionnaires (GHQ28). The study adopted a pre- and post-control group design in
emphasizing the effects of communication training and conflict resolution skills on mental health. The
participants in this research consisted of couples who were referred to the researcher by counseling center. The
referrals were done for about two months in 2009. Their problems included marital problems and marital
conflicts, commonly categorized as marital dissatisfaction, which were identified after a formal interview, testing
and screening. In order to assign the experimental and control groups, purposive random sampling was employed.
One hundred and eight participants comprised of 54 married couples were divided equally between control and
experimental groups and the training sessions lasted for eight weeks. In this training program, researchers
focused on the dependent variable of mental health, while communication and conflict resolution skills training
were the independent variables. Specifically, the t-test statistical analysis was employed to test for the potential
significant differences in couples’ scores of mental health between (i) the pre- and post-training scores for
couples of the experimental group; and (ii) between the post-training scores for the couples of the two groups.
The results indicated that teaching communication and conflict resolution skills had significant positive effects
on the mental health scores obtained from the studied couples

Problem statement: Based on the literature review, few studies have tested the mediating effect of work-family conflict on the relationship between locus of control and job satisfaction. Approach: This study tested a mediation model consisting of job satisfaction as the dependent variable, locus of control as the independent variable and work-family conflict as the mediator. Data were gathered from 159 single mother employees, aged 45 and below and having at least one child, using self-administered questionnaires. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: Results of correlation analysis revealed that locus of control was related to work-family conflict and job satisfaction and work-family conflict was related to job satisfaction. Results of a series of multiple regression analyses indicated that work-family conflict partially mediates the relationship between locus of control and job satisfaction. During the screening process of potential recruits, employers should take into consideration locus of control as one of the important dispositional characteristics of candidates. Employers should look into the possibility of designing training programmes to assist employees in taking more control of events in their work situations. Conclusion: Single mother employees who believe that they are in control of the events that happen in their lives seem to be more satisfied with their jobs and seem to experience less work-family conflict.

This study examined whether, Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be considered as predictor for mental health and explored also the moderating effect of age on the link between EI with mental health among high school students. The participants in the study included 10^th, 11^th, and 12^th grade students from 8 public high schools in Gorgan City, north of Iran. They were 247 high school students, specifically comprised of 124 boys and 123 girls, age ranged between 15 to 17 years old (83, Fifteen; 82, Sixteen; 82, Seventeen). The research design was an ex post facto and tested of alternative hypotheses. Two valid and reliable instruments were used to measure EI and mental health. Data analysis included frequencies, percentages, mean scores, simple regressions and moderated regressions. The result demonstrated that mental health can be influences by EI. In addition, age is not significant moderator for the relationships between EI with mental health

Researchers have identified work-family conflict as one of the major stressors in the workplace leading to various negative outcomes, including impaired well-being. Although many studies have been conducted on the experience of work-family conflict on dual-earner couples, only a few were conducted on single parent employees. This study examines workfamily conflict among single mother employees and its antecedents including dispositional (locus of control and perfectionism), job (role overload, role conflict and job flexibility) and organizational (supervisor support) factors. Data were gathered from 159 Malaysian single mother employees using self-administered questionnaires. The findings of the study indicated that 66% of the single mother employees experienced moderate to high levels of work-family conflict. The factors that characterize employees disposition including locus of control and perfectionism, their job factors including role conflict and role overload, as well as their supervisors' support contributed significantly (51%) to work-family conflict. The findings imply the need for measures to be taken by employees, human resource managers and organizations pertaining to the antecedent factors to help reduce the level of work-family conflict.