In the family, parenting style directly impacts children's behavior and symptoms of behavior. There is ample evidence to support the correlation between parenting style and children's behavioral problems. However, parenting style and children's behavioral problems have received little attention and research interest in Iran. Therefore, the current research is deemed necessary and timely. Thus, the major purpose of this current study is to investigate the relationship between parenting style and children's behavioral problems. Parenting styles (Authoritative, Permissive, and Authoritarian) were assessed by Parent Authority Questioner (PAQ) and children's behavioral problems (internalizing and externalizing symptoms) were assessed with the Children's Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Respondents comprised 681 mothers of children in primary school (347girls and 334 boys) who were identified through their children selected by cluster sampling in the Iranian capital of Tehran. The results of the present study indicate that there is a significant correlation between Authoritative and internalizing (r= -.32, p<.001) externalizing (r= -.28, p<.001), Permissive and internalizing (r= .12, p<.001), externalizing (r= .12, p<.001), Authoritarian and internalizing (r= .25, p<.001), externalizing (r= .26, p<.001). In conclusion Authoritative parenting style with high responsiveness and high demanding in parenting behavior has shown to be directly related to less children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

The article reviews empirical studies which emphasized on the relation between alexitymia and emotional intelligence (EQ). EQ is a set of abilities such as conception, emotion appraisal and expression, emotion management and regulation, and emotion utilization of emotion. As emotional intelligence is acquisitive and of social origin, parents and children thus expose their emotions in an expressive way to one another, either consciously or unconsciously in their interactions. Adolescence’s alexithymia overlay emotional intelligence in the field of emotion identification and to some extent, in feelings expression. Alexithymic adolescence cannot express emotions orally due to inability in feelings identification, whereas preliminary emotional abilities have specific importance because skillfulness in appraisal and quick precise expression of emotions brings about suitable compatibility in relation with environment and others. The research showed that emotional intelligence is negatively associated with alexithymia. The article is divided into several sections. The review is started with the definition of alexithymia, and this is followed by a review on the alexithymia, as well as the effects and interaction of emotional intelligence. Then, an overview of the paper is included a demonstration of the influence of alexithymia on emotional intelligence is also given. Finally, according to previous study it is important to realize that alexithymia does not imply a total unawareness of having emotions

This research examined whether theory of mind (ToM) development differs in bilingual and monolingual preschool children. Three false belief tasks were given to 163 Kurdish-Persian bilingual and Persian monolingual preschool children. Bilingual children performed significantly better than monolingual children in their ToM. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that, bilingualism contributed significantly to the prediction of preschoolers' ToM development when age and verbal ability were controlled.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between test-anxiety and academic achievement among adolescents in Sanandaj, Iran. The respondents comprised of 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) in the age range of 15-19 years old that were randomly selected from nine high schools in Sanandaj, Iran. A self administered questionnaire was used for data collection which includes a Test-Anxiety Inventory (TAI) (Abbolghasemi, 1988), Grade Point Average (GPA) score and personal information. Result shows that there is a significant correlation (r= -0.23, p=.000) between test anxiety and academic achievement among adolescents. In addition, there is a significant difference (t= 5.47, p=.000) of academic achievement between male and female adolescents whereby female score higher in their academic achievement. It is recommended that academic achievement and mental health be improved in school settings with support strategies such as educational guidance, counseling and psychotherapy or other psycho-educational program such as teaching life skill.

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of cognitive (cognitive skills training) and developmental intervention (sensory-perceptual skills training) on performance and reading ability of dyslexic students. In the study 60 dyslexic students participated and they were divided into three experimental groups including 20 students as the first experimental group (E1), 20 students as the second experimental group (E2), and 20 students as the control group (C). The effectiveness of the 16-session intervention for both E1 and E2 groups was measured by Reading and Dyslexic test (RTD) as screening test at the beginning and followed by the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test (BVMGT) and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test (ROCF). The results were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare mean scores among the three dyslexic groups after intervention. Findings suggest that developmental intervention significantly improves RDT, BVMGT and memory scale of ROCF performance of dyslexic students. However, cognitive intervention does not appear to significantly increase performance of the students compared to the control group.

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The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between personality traits and severity of wife abuse among Iranian women in Tehran city in Iran. The study involved 398 women who sought treatment at 4 selected hospitals by using multistage stratified sampling technique. Conflict Tactic Scale (CTS2) and Five-Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) were used to measure severity of wife abuse and personality traits respectively.Findings showed that out of 398 women studied, 42.5% received minor abuse and 43.5% received severe abuse. Severity of total wife abuse was positively related to neuroticism personality and negatively related to extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. However, no significant relationship was note for total wife abuse and openness personality. The result of multinomial logistic regression indicated that neuroticism personality trait was a significant predictor of minor and severe total abuse. The results of the current study highlighted the importance of personality traits in explaining the severity of wife abuse in Tehran, Iran. Therefore, strategies to prevent and intervene cases of abuse among wives in Tehran, Iran should take into consideration individual's personality traits.

The paper aims to examine the income poverty status and compare it with the well-being level between different groups among vulnerable households. Vulnerable households for this study were households that consists at least one of the following criteria: income poor, elderly person, single mothers and/or disabled person. Data was taken from the Official Poverty Line Survey conducted in four Malaysian cities representing each region in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 286 households were conveniently selected. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, correlation tests were applied in data analysis. Findings indicated significant differences in household percapita income (HHPCI) among income poverty status groups and significant differences in well-being among different status of income poverty, whereby the non-poor had the highest mean in both (HHPCI & well-being). Also the mean well-being for poor and potential poor groups were much lower than the hardcore poor group. Further results revealed a positive but small relationship between household percapita income and well-being among vulnerable households. Finally, the findings indicated significant differences between income poor status groups and different level in well-being poor groups. It was possible for people to get out of income poverty while remaining in well-being deprivation (ill-being). Findings from this study provide evidences and enhance understanding in income poverty, well-being and correlates of both especially among vulnerable households.