Malaria and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) share several characteristics that could lead to cross‐infection, particularly in malaria‐endemic areas. Early COVID‐19 symptoms might be misdiagnosed for malaria in clinical settings. Also, both diseases can cause fatal complications. So, laboratory testing for both diseases was recommended by the World Health Organization. To study the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Adult Sudanese patients with COVID‐19 and malaria coinfection. This retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to October 2021 in Wad Medani. Total coverage of all Sudanese patients above 18 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of coinfection with COVID‐19 and malaria was included, and data were collected using a data collection sheet. Data were analyzed using R software version 4.0.2. Data were described and presented as mean, standard deviation, and number (percentage). To find associated factors with in‐hospital outcome, χ 2 test, fisher exact test, and independent t test or Wilcoxon rank‐sum test were used. In this study, 156 participants were diagnosed with COVID‐19 and malaria coinfection. Most of them were between 60 and 70 years (30.8%), the majority were males (59%). Shortness of breath (76.3%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (35.3%) were the most common symptom and complications among coinfected patients, respectively. Ground glass opacity ( n = 47/49, 95.9%) is the most common result for computed tomography scan. Atrial fibrillation was the most common abnormal electrocardiogram finding ( n = 6/62, 9.7%). Overall mortality among all participants was (63/156, 40.4%). High mortality rate was found among the coinfected patients. More attention is needed towards fighting COVID‐19 and malaria coinfection. There may be a link between malaria and COVID‐19.

Background Usage of mosquito bed nets and the practice of other prevention methods are essential for the prevention of malaria in endemic areas. Proper community knowledge about malaria and prompt treatment-seeking behaviour for early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for eliminating the disease. This study aimed to assess the awareness, treatment-seeking behaviour, and prevention practices towards malaria in Abu Ushar, Gezira State, Sudan. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2021, including 310 households in Abu Ushar, Aljazeera, Sudan. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with head of the household using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered and analysed using R software. Results A total of 310 households were enrolled in this study. Sixty per cent had children under the age of 5 years. The majority of these households (94.8%) had a history of malaria in the past 12 months. Overall, awareness of malaria was good; 197 (63.5%) households had bed nets in their houses; 75.8% of total households identified fever with shivering as a symptom of malaria. Regarding treatment-seeking behaviour, 77.9% seek treatment from the nearby primary health centre, and 60% seek treatment within the first day. Only 45.3% stated that everyone in the household sleeps under bed nets. Conclusion High awareness about malaria and preventive measures was found among participants in households. Most households had previous infections with malaria. Therefore, an interventional programme should be established in this area to reduce this high rate of malaria.

Background Several investigations were carried out during the pandemic, demonstrating a number of neurological symptoms linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. Objectives The goal of this review is to discuss COVID‐19 disease's neurological signs and squeals. Methodology From December 2019 to May 2020, data were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, as well as a manual search using Google Scholar. COVID‐19, neurological symptoms, cranial nerves, motor system were among the key phrases utilized in the search. Results The intensity of respiratory involvement increases the likelihood of neurological symptoms and consequences. According to some research, it might range from 34% to 80%. The central and peripheral neural systems are both affected, resulting in cranial nerve palsies and limb paralysis. Conclusion COVID‐19 neurologic complications are key drivers of patient severity and mortality. Headache, convulsions, mental and psychic disorders, delirium, and insomnia are just some of the symptoms that the virus can cause. The olfactory nerve is the most commonly damaged cranial nerve, resulting in anosmia. Stroke (mostly infarction), encephalitis, meningitis, Guillain–Barre syndrome, relapse of multiple sclerosis, and transverse myelitis are all symptoms and squeals.

Background Since December 2019, (COVID‐19) has had a significant impact on global health systems. Because little is known about the clinical characteristics and risk factors connected with COVID‐19 severity in Sudanese patients, it is vital to summarize the clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 patients and to investigate the risk factors linked to COVID‐19 severity. Objectives We aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 patients and look into risk factors associated with COVID‐19 severity. Methods This is a retrospective cross‐sectional study that took place in two Isolation Centers in Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan. Four hundred and eighteen patients were included between May 2020 and May 2021. All COVID‐19 patients over the age of 18 who were proven COVID‐19 positive by nucleic acid testing or had characteristics suggestive of COVID‐19 on a chest CT scan and had a complete medical record in the study period were included. Results The participants in this study were 418 confirmed COVID‐19 cases with a median age of 66.313 years. There were 279 men (66.7%) among the patients. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (n = 195; 46.7%) and diabetes (n = 187; 44.7%). Fever (n = 303; 72.5%), cough (n = 278; 66.5%), and dyspnea (n = 256; 61.2%) were the most prevalent symptoms at the onset of COVID‐19. The overall mortality rate (n = 148) was 35.4%. Patients with severe illness had a mortality rate of 42.3% (n = 118). Older age, anemia, neutrophilia, and lymphocytopenia, as well as higher glucose, HbA1c, and creatinine levels, were all linked to severe COVID‐19, according to the chi‐square test and analysis of variance analysis. Conclusion Sixteen variables were found to be associated with COVID‐19 severity. These patients are more prone to go through a serious infection and as a result have a greater death rate than those who do not have these characteristics.

One of the most prevalent neurological impairments is cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Ischemic stroke and CVST have been linked to the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Three Sudanese patients developed these diseases after receiving the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, indicating a relationship between the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and these conditions.

Rationale: The posterior circulation represents 20% of blood supply to the brain, and its occlusion, commonly by embolism, causes brainstem, cerebellar, and lower cerebral infarctions. The clinical presentation varies from mild symptoms to severe neurological deficits or death. The duration of intervention is vital, commonly with antithrombotic drugs or through intervention. Patient concerns: The first case was a 36-year-old-female admitted due to snakebite. On admission, she developed acute kidney injury, sepsis, and compartment syndrome, for which she underwent fasciotomy, improved, and was discharged. Two days later, she presented with sudden onset of left-sided weakness. The second was an 85-year-old male with hypertension and end-stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis who presented with high-grade continuous fever associated with rigor, confusion, and decreased level of consciousness for 2 days. The third case was a 30-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department because of an abrupt loss of consciousness that occurred when she was going to the bathroom; she was unable to speak, swallow, or move her limbs. There was no fever, sphincteric disturbance, or seizure. She had a history of severe chronic bifrontal headache that started 4 months prior to elective cesarean section. Diagnosis: The patients were diagnosed as top of basilar artery infarction. Interventions: The first patient received enoxaparin, intravenous fluids, proton-pump inhibitors, antibiotics, and rivaroxaban. The second patient received intravenous antibiotics, dual antiplatelet therapy, enoxaparin, blood transfusions, and frequent hemodialysis sessions. The third patient received intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban 15 mg twice daily for 2 weeks then 20 mg once daily). Outcomes: The 3 patients were discharged following pharmacological treatment. The first and third cases showed improvement in their symptoms. However, the second patient developed bilateral epistaxis and bleeding after medication and did not show improvement in his symptoms; however, he died due to intradialytic hypotension. Lessons: We reported 3 Sudanese patients who had complicated medical sequelae due to top basilar artery occlusion, received anticoagulants and supportive therapy, and showed variable recovery over weeks, with the exception of 1 patient who died after follow-up.

Study Objectives: Migraine is a complex neurovascular disease and is believed to be due to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors. Study design: This was a cross-sectional observational prospective hospital based study conducted on 100 participants. They were divided into two groups; Group A: 50 migrainous patients according to the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders and Group B: 50 healthy subjects both groups were age and sex matched. All subjects underwent a full neurological and psychiatric examination. Full headache evaluation sheet used in headache outpatient clinic in Ain Shams University Hospitals and HIT-6™ Headache Impact Test was used. Assay of serum level of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) as mitochondrial function marker was done. Results: There was no significant difference between both groups regarding gender, age or age group, marital state, education, residence and special habits. However, there was a statistical significant difference as regards family history of migraine more in patient group. In this study, serum NAA levels in migraine patients were significantly lower than in healthy controls. Decreased NAA level is generally believed to be a sign of reduced neuronal and glial mitochondrial function. Also, migraine with aura patients showed lower NAA levels when compared to migraine without aura subtypes. However, there was no significant correlation was found between NAA serum levels, and gender, age at onset, age group, type of aura, duration of the illness, type of onset of pain, frequent site of pain, time to max severity, severity of attack, and daily functions (social life, work, psychological wellbeing, sleep and cognition). Conclusions: Findings of this study indicate that NAA in serum may be a marker for neuronal dysfunction predisposing to migraine, probably related to the reduced mitochondria function.

Acute pericarditis is an uncommon presentation of COVID‐19. Here, we described a case of a 50‐year‐old male patient who presented with chest pain without fever or cough and diagnosed with acute pericarditis complicated by pericardial effusion due to COVID‐19 after exclusion of other causes and received supportive treatment and improved over two weeks.