One of the most prevalent neurological impairments is cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Ischemic stroke and CVST have been linked to the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Three Sudanese patients developed these diseases after receiving the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, indicating a relationship between the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and these conditions.
Background: Patients with dementia are more prone to acquire COVID-19 infection.Patients with COVID-19 showed a tendency to develop cognitive impairment. Objectives: We aimed to study the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection among adult Sudanese demented patients and the prevalence of cognitive impairment among adult Sudanese nondemented patients. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place in Sudan, Khartoum state in the period (September to December 2021) in a private neurology/psychiatry clinic. A total of 135 adult Sudanese patients were included in this study and were divided into two groups. The first group consists of 100 patients with a known history of dementia that got infected recently with COVID-19, while the second group consists of 35 patients who developed some sort of cognitive impairment after recovering from COVID-19 infection. Regarding the second group, cognitive functions were assessed by senior consultant neurologist and senior consultant psychiatrist using a well validated neuropsychological measure. Results: Out of 100 patients in the first group, females were 60 and males were 40. Age distribution is between 63 and 98. The common presenting symptoms of COVID-19 among this group were cough and fever (90 patients), diarrhea and vomiting (5 patients), breathlessness (4 patients), coughing of blood (5 patients), convulsions (1 patient), paraplegia (1 patient), and hemiplegia (1 patient). Regarding the second group, age distribution varied from 30 to 80 years. Cognitive functions impairment was noticed as follows: memory recall (22%), memory recognition (23%), memory encoding (24%), processing speed (16%), executive functioning (19%), phonemic fluency (17%), and category fluency (17%). Conclusion: Patients with dementia are more susceptible to develop COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 Infection are at risk of developing some sort of cognitive impairment after recovery.
Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a common condition that, if not detected and treated promptly, carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. CVST’s most common aetiological associations are post-partum, pregnancy, and oral contraceptive pills. The purpose of this study was to look into the aetiology of CVST in Sudanese patients in neurological centres in Khartoum state. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional hospital bases study conducted on CVST patients at four neurological centres in Khartoum state in the period from March to October 2020. Patients were studied for the aetiological association of CVST using a standardized questionnaire including medical history, clinical examination, investigation, and treatment. Results: The study included about 60 patients, 50 of whom were female (83.3%) and 10 of whom were male (16.7%). In terms of clinical presentation, almost all patients had headache, followed by visual disturbances in 49 (81.7%), seizures in 46 (76%), disturbed consciousness in 12 (20%), and weakness in 12 (20%). The most common sign was abnormal speech, which was found in eight patients (13.3%), memory disturbances in eight patients (13.3%), evidence of CN VI lesion in three (5%), papilledema in 49 (81.7%), and hemiparesis in 46 (76.7%), while abnormal sensory signs were found in only one patient. The most common aetiological association were pregnancy in 15 (25%), oral contraceptive pills in 11(18.3%), and being in the post-partum period in 23(38.3%). All of the patients’ magnetic resonant imaging/magnetic resonant venography results were abnormal. Six patients had extensive sinus involvement, 35 had superior sagittal sinus involvement, and 19 had transverse sinus involvement. After treatment, 45 patients (75%) fully recovered, 11 (18.3%) partially recovered, and 4 (6.7%) died. Conclusion: Post-partum, pregnancy, and oral contraceptive pills were the most common aetiological associations of CVST compared with other populations.
Introduction: Central nervous system involvement is one of the most devastating aspects of sickle cell disease. Objectives: The aim of this review is to document the range of neurological complications of sickle cell disease. Methods and materials: This is a descriptive cross-sectional Hospital based study. One hundred Sudanese patients with Sickle cell anemia were included in the study during the period from March to July 2018. Results: The most common age group affected was below 20 years, Male to female ratio was almost equal; irritability & headache were the most common symptoms 41%, 40% respectively. Numbness was observed in 25%, hemiplegia in 24%, seizure in 19%, recurrence of hemiplegia occurred in 8%, gait was found to be spastic in 14%, limping gait (due to non-neurological causes) in 7%, while inability to walk in 6% and cerebellar manifestation in 2%.Conclusion: The study revealed high incidence of irritability and headache followed by numbness then hemiplegia.Hemiplegia is usually ischemic in children and hemorrhagic in adults. Silent brain infarcts occur in 17% of patients. Convulsions occur as an isolated event but frequently associated with stroke.
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