El presente trabajo se propone avanzar en la construcción de un marcoteórico e interpretativo que permita explicar y comprender la formulación de la política exterior, de los Estados en general y de la Argentina en particular, a partir de conceder especial atención a la incidencia de los factores internos en el proceso de formulación de la misma, partiendo dela consideración que la política exterior es una más de las múltiples políticas públicas. Para ello, se ha tomado como estudio de caso la actuación de la Argentina en el conflicto por el Chaco Boreal entre Paraguay y Bolivia —cuyo punto cúlmine lo constituyó la Guerra del Chaco (1932-1935) entre estos países— puesto que la misma resulta paradigmática teniendo en cuenta que la posición del país —actuando a la vez como parte interesada y mediador donde se llevaron a cabo las negociaciones de paz— fue la resultante de la confluencia de una serie de factores que van desde intereses “de Estado” económicos, geoestratégicos y militares, hasta aquellos propios de la clase dirigente a cargo del gobierno, pasan-do por los de empresarios argentinos con capitales invertidos en la región en disputa
Resumo: Este artigo pretende explicar a política externa do Brasil em relação à sua fronteira com a Argentina -mais especificamente, a zona litigiosa que circunda o território de Misiones-entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX. A partir da análise dos trabalhos de vários analistas do campo das relações internacionais, será dada especial atenção à incidência de fatores internos na formulação e execução da política externa, especialmente o que toca o tipo de regime prevalecente, já que, naquele momento, estava acorrendo no Brasil a passagem da Monarquia para a República, o que, como se verá, exerceu um impacto direto no avanço e consolidação da fronteira sul pelas autoridades brasileiras. Palavras-chave: Fatores internos da política externa, Fronteira Brasil-Argentina, Projeto de nação brasileiro no fim do século XIX.Abstratct: This article intends to explain Brazil's foreign policy in relation to its border with Argentina -especially the litigious zone that surrounds the territory of Misiones-in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. To this end, taking into account the work of various analysts in the field of international relations, special attention will be given to the incidence of internal factors in the formulation and execution of foreign policy, especially the type of prevailing regime, since at that moment it was happening in Brazil the transition from the Monarchy to the Republic, which, as will be seen, had a direct impact on the advance and consolidation of the southern border by the Brazilian authorities. Keywords: Internal factors of the external policy, Argentine/brazilian border, Brazilian national project at the end of the 19th century.Recebido em 03/11/2017 e aceito em 20/12/2018.
Twenty-four selected low-risk preterm and 10 full-term infants were followed in a prospective study of the evolution of neurological signs in the first year of life and to consider the prognostic value of transient neurological abnormalities in relation to learning disabilities at school age. We report the results of the assessments made during the first 12 months. The assessment at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was made using the Amiel-Tison neurological schedule and the Griffiths developmental scale. A high percentage of our low-risk premature infants (69% of 37-34 weeks gestational age and 75% of 33-27 weeks gestational age group) showed transient neurological anomalies, whereas no major neurological sequelae, i.e., cerebral palsies or mental impairment, were found. Moreover, in our series, the syndrome of transient dystonia associated with low birth weight, already described by other authors in samples not selected for risk, was not observed. The psychological development of all our infants was within normal limits at every assessment. Nevertheless, a significantly decreased performance at the sixth month in both preterm groups, particularly in the group of low gestational age, was found, and its significance will be clarified by further follow-up studies of early school age.
El presente trabajo analiza, desde un punto de vista socio-económico y político, la composición de los Cancilleres argentinos en el marco del diferendo limítrofe boliviano-paraguayo que desembocaría en la Guerra del Chaco (1932-1935) y las posteriores negociaciones de paz tras la misma, llevadas a cabo en Buenos Aires, en las cuales cupo a la Cancillería del Plata un rol destacado. Ello ha permitido determinar hasta qué punto quienes estaban a cargo del diseño e implementación de la política exterior del país, en uno de los momentos de más alto perfil alcanzado por la diplomacia argentina en su historia, constituian un grupo homogéneo que actuaba en procura de alcanzar determinados intereses coincidentes.
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