Understanding the honeybee gut bacteria is an essential aspect as honeybees are the primary pollinators of many crops. In this study, the honeybee-associated gut bacteria were investigated by targeting the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA genes using the Illumina MiSeq. The adult worker was captured in an urban area in a dense settlement. In total, 83,018 reads were obtained, revealing six phyla from 749 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The gut was dominated by Proteobacteria (58% of the total reads, including Enterobacteriaceae 28.2%, Erwinia 6.43%, and Klebsiella 4.90%), Firmicutes (29% of the total reads, including Lactococcus garvieae 13.45%, Lactobacillus spp. 8.19%, and Enterococcus spp. 4.47%), and Actinobacteria (8% of the total reads, including Bifidobacterium spp. 7.96%). Many of these bacteria belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which was claimed to be composed of beneficial bacteria involved in maintaining a healthy host. The honeybee was identified as Apis nigrocincta based on an identity BLAST search of its COI region. This study is the first report on the gut microbial community structure and composition of A. nigrocincta from Indonesia.
This study aims to determine the biological of Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais which includes development stadia, life cycle, long life, fecundity, mortality and sex ratio. Research using descriptive and substitutional methods. The research conducted in the laboratory of Entomology and Plant Pests and Pest Department of Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Sam Ratul;angi University Manado. The results showed differences in the life cycle, long life and fecundity between S. oryzae and S. zeamais. Long life cycle and life imago S. oryzae shorter than S. zeamais. The life cycle of S. oryzae is 35.22 days and S. zeamais 49.13 days. Life long female imago S. oryzae 101 days and 88.75 days males, S. zeamais females and males 109.25 125.75 day day. Fecundity of S. oryzae lower than S. zeamais namely S. oryzae average 152.8 points and S. zeamais average of 203.0 points. Pradewasa mortality and sex ratio of S. oryzae and S. zeamais unchanged at S. oryzae 80.5% and 0.79, S. zeamais 77.0% and 0.77. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biologi S. oryzae dan S. zeamais yang meliputi stadia perkembangan, siklus hidup, lama hidup, fekunditas, mortalitas dan rasio kelamin. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dan substitusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan siklus hidup, lama hidup dan fekunditas antara S. oryzae dan S. zeamais. Siklus hidup dan lama hidup imago S. oryzae lebih pendek dari S. zeamais. Siklus hidup S. oryzae yaitu 35,22 hari dan S. zeamais 49,13 hari. Lama Hidup imago betina S. oryzae 101 hari dan jantan 88,75 hari, S. zeamais betina 125,75 hari dan jantan 109,25 hari. Fekunditas S. oryzae lebih rendah dari S. zeamais yaitu S. oryzae rata-rata 152,8 butir dan S. zeamais rata-rata 203,0 butir. Mortalitas pradewasa dan rasio kelamin S. oryzae dan S. zeamais relatif sama yaitu S. oryzae 80,5 % dan 0,79, S. zeamais 77,0 % dan 0,77.
Introduction: Apis nigrocincta is a honeybee endemic to Mindanao island (the Philippines), Sangihe island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) and Sulawesi mainland (Indonesia). The genus Apis is well known to have symbiont in their guts, which helps balance the microbiome in the gut and host health. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the bacteria isolated from the gut of honeybee Apis nigrocincta produce metabolites with potential growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escerichia coli, the bacteria which are important pathogens in humans and animals. Methods: Bacteria isolated from honeybee gut were cultured in MRSA and several isolates were purified for testing. The antibacterial activity test method used in this study was well diffusion agar. Pure isolates were grown on NB. The treatments given were heating and also neutralizing the supernatant from each isolate. Results: Five bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from honeybee gut and purified. The five isolates showed antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strain indicators. The results of molecular identification showed that four of these isolates were Bacillus cereus and the other one was Staphylococcus arlettae. Neutralized supernatant showed strong activity on both indicator strains. The five isolates showed higher inhibition activity against S. aureus compared to E. coli. Conclusion: The finding of this research concluded that two bacterial strains, B. cereus and S. arlettae isolated from A. nigrocincta gut can be investigated further as agents which produce bioactive compounds that have potential as an antibacterial.
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health and development concern on a global scale. The increasing resistance of the pathogenic bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics necessitates efforts to identify potential alternative antibiotics from nature, including insects, which are already recognized as a source of natural antibiotics by the scientific community. This study aimed to determine the potential of components of gut-associated bacteria isolated from Apis dorsata, an Asian giant honeybee, as an antibacterial against N. gonorrhoeae by in vitro and in silico methods as an initial process in the stage of new drug discovery. The identified gut-associated bacteria of A. dorsata included Acinetobacter indicus and Bacillus cereus with 100% identity to referenced bacteria from GenBank. Cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) of B. cereus had a very strong antibacterial activity against N. gonorrhoeae in an in vitro antibacterial testing. Meanwhile, molecular docking revealed that antimicrobial lipopeptides from B. cereus (surfactin, fengycin, and iturin A) had a comparable value of binding-free energy (BFE) with the target protein receptor for N. gonorrhoeae, namely penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1 and PBP2 when compared with the ceftriaxone, cefixime, and doxycycline. The molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) study revealed that the surfactin remains stable at the active site of PBP2 despite the alteration of the H-bond and hydrophobic interactions. According to this finding, surfactin has the greatest antibacterial potential against PBP2 of N. gonorrhoeae.
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