Ultrasonography was reliable for the detection of SL pathology based on histology as the gold standard. Adhesions may be a reason for recurrent lameness after surgery.

Management of patients with carcinoma of the larynx should systematically include an appropriate treatment of lymph nodes according to the TNM stage. One of the most controversial points of the treatment in these patients is the management of the clinically negative neck (N(0)). A retrospective study of 295 patients with laryngeal carcinoma and N(0) neck undergoing treatment in our centre between 1983 and 1993 is presented. We observed a significant decrease in the survival of clinically N(0) patients with histologically affected lymph nodes. Lymphadenopathy was more frequently detected in patients with supraglottic tumours (38 per cent) when compared to glottic tumours (16 per cent). In our experience, routine bilateral and unilateral dissection of N(0) necks in all supraglottic tumours and in T3-T4 glottic tumours, respectively, is the most beneficial approach for patients in terms of survival.

The ventral approach to the rat middle ear is a rapid and simple technique that makes the rat the animal of choice for many otologic investigations.

Adhesion formation between the SL and adjacent structures was detected by high-field MRI with reasonable accuracy. Muscle and adipose tissue pathology was identified either alone or in association with collagenous tissue pathology.

Summary Reasons for performing study It has been suggested that ultrasonography is unreliable for the detection of hindlimb proximal suspensory desmopathy (PSD) based on comparisons between ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance images. Objectives To compare ultrasonography with gross and histopathological post mortem examination in horses with PSD diagnosed based on ultrasonography and control horses. Study design Retrospective descriptive study. Methods Part 1: 19 horses with hindlimb PSD and 10 control horses were humanely destroyed. Twenty control limbs and 37 lame limbs were examined grossly and 40 suspensory ligaments (SLs) were examined histologically and graded blindly. Part 2: 3 horses with recurrent lameness after surgical management of PSD and 4 with PSD were assessed ultrasonographically and by gross post mortem examination. Results Part 1: ultrasonographic lesions were graded moderate in 31/38 (81.6%) and severe in 7/38 (18.4%) lame limbs; in 4/37 (10.8%) limbs adhesion formation between the proximal aspect of the SL and the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon was predicted. Gross post mortem and histological examinations of control limbs revealed no abnormalities. Gross post mortem examination revealed substantial adhesions between the proximal aspect of the SL and adjacent soft tissues in 10/37 (27.0%) lame limbs; in 10/37 (27.0%) limbs there were adhesions between the body of the SL and the mid plantar aspect of the third metatarsal bone, extending distally in 6 (16.2%) limbs. Histology revealed abnormalities (grades 1–3) of the collagenous tissue in 25/36 (69.4%) limbs; muscle was abnormal (grades 1–3) in 35/36 (97.2%) limbs and adipose tissue (grades 1–3) in 16/36 (44.4%) limbs. Part 2: adhesions between the SL and adjacent soft tissues were predicted ultrasonographically and confirmed post mortem. Conclusions Ultrasonography was reliable for the detection of SL pathology based on histology as the gold standard. Adhesions may be a reason for recurrent lameness after surgery.

Background: Serum bile acid concentrations (SBA) and a histopathological biopsy score [Equine Vet J 35 (2003) 534] are used prognostically in equine hepatic disease.Hypothesis: Histopathologic features and scores, but not SBA, differ between survivors and nonsurvivors and correlate with histopathologic evidence of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.Animals: Retrospective study. Records (1999Records ( -2011 of horses with hepatic disease diagnosed by biopsy and with concurrent measurements of SBA.Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Biopsies were examined for inflammatory cell infiltration including type and distribution, fibrosis, irreversible cytopathology affecting hepatocytes, hemosiderin, or other pigment deposition and bile duct proliferation. SBA, histopathological findings and a histological score [Equine Vet J 35 (2003) 534] were compared between short-(survival to discharge) and long-term (>6 months) survivors and correlations between SBA and histopathological findings investigated.Results: Of 81 cases 90% survived short-term and 83% long-term. Short-term and long-term nonsurvival were associated with SBA (P = .009; P = .006), overall (P = .001; P = .002) and parenchymal (short-term only; P = .01) inflammation, portal and bridging fibrosis (all P < .001), apoptosis or single cell necrosis (P < .001; P = .008), hemosiderin deposition in hepatocytes (P = .011; P = .028), biliary (both P < .001), vascular (P = .003; P = .045) and endothelial (P < .001; P = .02) hyperplasia, nucleic changes (P = .004; P < .001) and the histopathological score (both P < .001). SBA were significantly and positively correlated with overall (P = .001), parenchymal (P < .001) and portal (P = .004) inflammation and portal (P = .036) and bridging (P = .002) fibrosis.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: SBA, histopathological findings and scores differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. SBA concentrations are associated with inflammation and fibrosis suggesting interference with hepatic function. A histopathological score >2 and, less so, SBA >20 lmol/L are specific but not sensitive indicators of nonsurvival.

A detailed histopathological study of the distal third metacarpal bone of Thoroughbred racehorses was undertaken to characterize lesions observed previously on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The bones were selected and grouped on the basis of MRI features. Representative sections in different planes were processed for histopathology. All lesions observed in the articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB) were recorded and graded with a scoring system, based partially on the Osteoarthritis Research Society International grading system. The scoring system included the severity of the lesion. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed effects models were performed. A positive correlation was observed between the severity of histopathological changes in the superficial and deeper osteochondral tissues, and between the number of race starts and AC score. Age was not correlated with AC or SCB score. A moderate variation in AC and SCB scores was observed between the groups; however, there were differences within individual bones. Bones with focal palmar necrosis (FPN) showed significant differences in the histological scoring of the AC compared with bones without FPN. Bones with incomplete fractures or larger areas of bone remodelling showed significant differences in SCB pathology when compared with bones with FPN. Haematoidin was detected in areas with excessive SCB and cancellous bone sclerosis and/or irregular bone density. This finding is suggestive of poor blood perfusion in these areas.

Histopathological study of the tympanic bullae at 15 and 90 days after implantation demonstrated good biocompatibility of the PTFE implant under the analyzed conditions, with formation of a capsule around the material and no adhesions between the ear tissues and the prosthesis.