Background: Contrast nephropathy is associated with increased in hospital morbidity and mortality and leads to extension of hospital stay in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Acetylcysteine seems to be a safe and inexpensive way to reduce contrast nephropathy. We aimed to assess the efficacy of acetylcysteine to prevent contrast nephropathy after administration of radiocontrast media in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Methods: We did a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing acetylcysteine and hydration with hydration alone for preventing contrast nephropathy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. The trials were identified through a combined search of the BIOSIS+/RRM, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Current Contents Medizin, and The Cochrane Library Databases. We used incidence of contrast nephropathy 48 h after administration of radiocontrast media as an outcome measure. Findings: Seven trials including 805 patients were eligible according to our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Overall incidence of contrast nephropathy varied between 8% and 28%. Since significant heterogeneity was indicated by the Q statistics (p=0.016) we used a random effects model to combine the data. Compared with periprocedural hydration alone, administration of acetylcysteine and hydration significantly reduced the relative risk of contrast nephropathy by 56% (0.435 [95% CI 0.215-0.879], p=0.02) in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Meta-regression revealed no significant relation between the relative risk of contrast nephropathy and the volume of radiocontrast media administered or the degree of chronic renal insufficiency before the procedure. Interpretation: Compared with periprocedural hydration alone, acetylcysteine with hydration significantly reduces the risk of contrast nephropathy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. The relative risk of contrast nephropathy was not related to the amount of radiocontrast media given or to the degree of chronic renal insufficiency before the procedure.
El cáncer de pulmón constituye la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en Chile. A nivel mundial da cuenta de más de 8 millones de fallecimientos anuales, de los nuevos casos de cáncer, más de 6 millones están relacionados con tabaco, constituyendo el tabaquismo un importante factor de riesgo y causa directa de cerca del 20% de la mortalidad global asociada a cáncer. La incidencia de cáncer de pulmón está directamente relacionada el nivel de exposición a tabaquismo durante la vida, la exposición puede aumentar el riesgo de esta enfermedad hasta 30 veces. El riesgo disminuye exponencialmente con la cesación de esta adicción, especialmente si ocurre en etapas tempranas de la vida. En Chile el 85% de los cánceres de pulmón en hombres y el 40% en mujeres estarían explicados por tabaquismo, equivalentes a 1926 anuales, siendo la recomendación realizar consejería breve según las Guías Clínicas de Tratamiento del Tabaquismo Chile 2017 y si no es posible derivar a todos los fumadores con cáncer a terapia de cesación del tabaquismo que puede ser telefónica Salud Responde MINSAL 6003607777, el numero está en las cajetillas de cigarrillos .
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