The schema construct is reviewed in terms of cumnt conceptualizations and intriguing conceptual issues. From this review, we posit a polarity model of schemas that includes both negative inflexible and positive inflexible schemas at either end of a continuum with an integrated flexible schema positioned between the two extremes. This model is compatible with at least two empirically validated tripartite typologies, but expands on them by incorporating critical concepts involving oscillative processes, nonlinearity, and continua. Furthermore, the model provides a useful heuristic for understanding the relationship between so-called personaky disorders and normal functioning. Finally, the model offers an impottant direction for research and cliniul intervention, especially with respect to relapse issues and the development of goals for therapy.A wide range of hypothetical cognitive structures have received attention in the literature, which include, but are not limited to, internal working models (

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