ABSTRAKPencarian bahan energi alternatif yang tidak berkompetisi dengan pangan dan pakan sangat perlu dan mendesak. Biomassa lignoselulosa merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang potensial. Metode penggandaan produksi bioenergi dari skala laboratorium ke skala industri perlu dikaji untuk pengembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan metode penggandaan produksi bioetanol dari tongkol jagung. Percobaan produksi bioetanol dari skala laboratorium ke skala industri dilakukan dengan metode Pg/V tetap (tenaga pengadukan per volume). Perhitungan penggandaan skala berdasarkan data reologi cairan fermentasi dan spesifikasi fermentor yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggandaan skala produksi bioetanol dengan kapasitas bioreaktor 200 l, menghasilkan volume kerja 65% atau 130 liter dengan tinggi cairan fermentasi 0,840 m, diameter tangki bioreaktor 0,441 m, diameter pengaduk jenis turbin pipih 0,187 m, dan kecepatan agitasi 66,34 rpm. Berdasarkan perhitungan dasar penggandaan produksi bioetanol dengan kapasitas bioreaktor 10.000 l diperoleh volume kerja 65% atau 6.500 l dengan tinggi cairan fermentasi 2,87 m, diameter tangki bioreaktor 1,49 m, diameter pengaduk jenis turbin pipih 0,63 m, dan kecepatan agitasi 29,52 rpm.Kata kunci: jagung, tongkol, lignoselulosa, bioetanol, penggandaan produksi ABSTRACTThe effort to search for alternative energy materials that do not compete with food and feed is necessary and urgent. Lignocellulosic biomass is one potential source of renewable energy. Scalinge up methodproduction of bioenergy production from laboratory scale to industrial scale needs to be studied and developed. The aim of this study is to find get scalinge up method o0f the bioethanol production from corn cobs. An Eexperiments on scalinge up of bioethanol production from laboratory scale to industrial scale was is done by the Pg / V constant method (stirring power per volume). Scale up calculations based on data from fermented liquid rheological characteristics and specifications fermenters are used. The results showed that the calculation of basic scale up bioethanol production capacity bioreactor of 200 l, obtained working volume of 65% or 130 l, high of liquid fermentation 0.840 m, diameter tank bioreactor 0.441 m, diameter of a stirrer of turbine type of flat 0.187 m and the speed of agitation at 66.34 rpm. Based on the calculation of basic scale up bioethanol production capacity bioreactor of 10,000 l, obtained working volume of 65% amounting to 6,500 l, high of liquid fermentation 2.87 m, diameter tank bioreactor 1.49 m, diameter of a stirrer of turbine type of flat 0.63 m and the speed of agitation at 29.52 rpm.

The enhancement of rural-urban migration flows impacts on the enhancement of urban population. It takes more efforts to fulfill the food demand. Now, 80% food stock in urban area is fulfilled from rural area and imports. Urban agriculture development is a strategy to improve food availability, food access and also to support food security.Some of urban agriculture models that have implemented and developed in many country were metropolitan food cluster, rooftop garden, community garden, and vertical farming. This paper is a literature review from various study, research and document relates with urban agriculture. Based on this study, urban agriculture can increase urban community prosperity, environmental sustainability and quality of health. Urban agriculture productivity needs agricultural technology innovation to ensure sustainability of production. Urban agricultural models that is integrated with agricultural technology innovation able to create a resilient urban food systems to accelerate the realization of food security.

<p>Pencarian bahan energi alternatif yang tidak berkompetisi dengan pangan dan pakan sangatlah perlu dan mendesak untuk dipikirkan. Biomassa lignoselulosa merupakan salah satu sumber energi yang potensial. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan perlakuan konsentrasi NaOH dan enzim selulase: xilanase yang optimum untuk produksi bioetanol dari tongkol jagung. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2014 sampai Nopember 2014 di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Kimia Balai Besar Litbang Pascapanen Pertanian dan Pusat Penelitian Kimia LIPI. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah tongkol jagung. Terdapat empat tahapan dalam penelitian ini, yang meliputi: 1). Karakteristik bahan baku, 2). Optimasi pengaruh perlakuan dosis NaOH pada proses delignifikasi terhadap perubahan karakteristik bahan serbuk tongkol jagung, rancangan percobaan pada tahapan ini yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 1 faktor. 3). Optimasi pengaruh penambahan enzim selulase dan xilanase terhadap produksi bioetanol skala 500 g bahan baku, pada tahapan ini terdapat dua perlakuan penambahan perbandingan dosis enzim selulase: xilanase yang berbeda yaitu 1:1 % dan 2:2 %, analisis statistik yang digunakan pada tahapan ini yaitu analisis uji t-student. 4). Optimasi proses produksi bioetanol skala 50 kg bahan baku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi produksi bioetanol dari tongkol jagung yaitu dengan cara serbuk tongkol jagung dilakukan <em>pretreatment</em> menggunakan larutan NaOH 10% dan dipanaskan menggunakan autoklaf dengan suhu 120-130 oC selama 20 menit. Selanjutnya bahan hasil delignifikasi dilakukan proses hidrolisis dan sakarifikasi menggunakan enzim xilanase:selulase dengan perbandingan 1 : 1. Proses selanjutnya yaitu proses fermentasi selama 3 hari dengan cara ditambahkan <em>Saccharomyces cereviciae</em> sebanyak 1%. Bioetanol yang dihasilkan sebanyak 14,65% dari total serbuk tongkol jagung yang digunakan dengan kadar alkohol 83,3%.</p><ul><li><strong>English Version<br /></strong></li></ul><p><strong>Effect of NaOH Concentration and Cellulose:Xilanase Enzymes For Bioethanol Production From Corn cob.</strong></p><p>The effort to search an alternative for energy materials that do not compete with food and feed is necessary and urgent to think about. Lignocellulosic biomass is one potential source of energy. The aim of this study is to obtain treatments NaOH concentration and cellulase:xylanase enzymes that optimum for bioethanol production from corn cobs.. The study was conducted in January until November 2014 at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Chemistry at Indonesian center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development and Indonesian Center for Chemical Research of LIPI. The raw material is corn cob. There were four stages in this study: 1). Characteristics of raw materials, 2). Optimization of pretreatment effect NaOH dose on delignification process to change the characteristics of corn cob powder, experimental design at this stage is completely randomized design (CRD) 1 factor 3). Optimization effect of cellulase and xylanase enzymes to bioethanol production scale 500 g of raw materials, there are two treatment concentration of enzymes cellulase:xylanase ie 1: 1% and 2: 2%, statistical analysis that used in this stage is the analysis of t-student test. 4). Optimization of the process of bioethanol production scale 50 kg of raw material. The results showed that the production of bioethanol from corncobs that is the way to do pretreatment of corncob powder using 10% NaOH solution and heated using autoclave at temperature of 120- 130 oC for 20 minutes. Furthermore, the resulted material from delignification was procced to saccharification and hydrolysis process using enzyme xylanase: cellulase with ratio of 1:1. The bioethanol produced was 14.65% from total corn cob powder used with alcohol content of 83.3%.</p>

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat deteksi cepat mutu organoleptik beras berbasis pada pemanfaatan aplikasi Android agar pengujian mutu organoleptik beras dapat dilakukan secara cepat dan akurat. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah beras varietas Ciherang dan Tarabas. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan realtime image processing berbasis Android dan Java. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lamanya penyimpanan beras sangat mempengaruhi citra beras (Red Green Blue/RGB). Selama penyimpanan beras, nilai Blue menghasilkan nilai perubahan yang nyata dibandingkan nilai Red dan Green. Nilai Blue ini berkorelasi positif terhadap perubahan kadar amilosa selama penyimpanan dan mutu organoleptiknya. Aplikasi deteksi cepat mutu organoleptik beras juga telah berhasil dibuat dan dapat diuji validitasnya dengan memperhatikan perubahan karakateristik citra, perubahan amilosa, dan mutu organoleptiknya. Kesimpulannya, aplikasi deteksi cepat ini berhasil dikembangkan dengan berbasis Android yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat uji mutu organoleptik berasRapid Detection System for Organoleptic Quality of Rice using the Android ApplicationAbstractThe research was aimed at developing rapid detection tool of rice upon organoleptic quality based on the Android application, so the testing may be done quickly and accurately. Ciherang and Tarabas rice varieties were used in this research. Realtime image processing based on Android and Java were used as method in this research. The results showed that the storage affected the rice image value (Red Green Blue/RGB). During storage, the value of the blue (B) produced a proper marked which was positively correlated to the changes in amylose content. Application of rapid detection of organoleptic quality of rice was carried out by observing changes in image characteristics, changes in amylose, and changes in organoleptic properties. As conclusion, the application may functioning properly and can be used as a tool to test the organoleptic quality of rice and its shelf life.

Drying process is one of the most important factors in the processing of dehydrated egg flour. Drying affect the characteristics of resulted egg flour and influence duration of the egg flour processing. Egg flour can be processed from fresh eggs or eggs that have been stored in the freezer/frozen eggs. Dehydrated egg flour has many advantages such as increase shelf life without reducing nutritional value, reduce the volume, and expands marketing reach. The aim of the study was to find out the characteristics of dehydrated egg flour with the addition of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) from frozen eggs using different type of dryers. The treatments tested consisted of types of dryers, namely oven blower, oven and Mollen dryer. Parameters observed included yield, color, rehydration level and proximate analysis. The results showed that frozen egg can be done as an alternative of egg preservation and result good characteristics of dried egg flour. The different type of dryer affects the chemical and physical characteristics of egg flour. The drying treatment affected the color of the egg flour, but did not affect the rehydration power. The best treatment was oven drying with a yield of 24.48%, brightness 81.49% and rehydration level of 35.38%

Garifta-merah is one of the mango varieties released by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2009 with the advantage of having red-yellow peel when it reaches full maturity. The distinctive taste of the fruit flesh makes it one of the types of mangoes favored by consumers in local and foreign countries. As a new variety, there is not much data regarding the Garifta-merah mango, especially regarding the optimal maturity stage to harvest. This study aims to determine the physico-chemical character of the Garifta merah mango harvested at 4 different maturity stage (70%, 75%, 80% and 90%). The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with 2 replications. The parameters observed included fruit peel color, fruit flesh color, total soluble solids (TSS) and fruit firmness. The results showed that the stage fruit maturity determines the physico-chemical character of the fruit. The maturity level of the Garifta-merah mangoes affects the color of the peel and flesh of the fruit, the firmness of the fruit as well as the total soluble solid. Garifta-merah mango fruit can be harvested at maturity level above 75%.

Xylan can be enzymatically degraded to establish environmentally tolerable and eco- friendly processes for the production of alcohol and others. It can be produced from agro- industrial wastes which is rich in lignocellulosic content, like corn cobs. However, there is still problem with the purity. This study investigated production of xylan from corn cobs for isolation of xylanase-producing bacteria. Raw material used in this study was corn cobs. The experiment was set up in complete randomized design with treatments of water soaking ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) and soaking repetitions (1, 2, and 3), in three replications. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that between water soaking ratio and soaking repetitions have significantly different of their physicochemical characteristics (p<0.05). The best water soaking ratio and soaking repetitions was 1:2 for three soaking, with NaCl content of 0.17%, yield of 6.66%, and water content of 5.62%. Xylan produced from the best treatments used for isolation of xylanase- producing bacteria. Xylan with concentration of 1% can be used for isolation of xylanase- producing bacteria from specimens of mixture of decayed wood and sand, with potential index of 0.71, enzyme activity of 140.85 U/ml, specific enzyme activity of 319.788 U/mg protein and namely Bacillus pumilus B21.