Although bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) are widely recognized as promising therapeutic agents, the age‐related impacts on cellular function remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we found that BM‐MSCs from young donors healed wounds in a xenograft model faster compared with their aged counterparts (p < .001). Given this significant healing advantage, we then used single‐cell transcriptomic analysis to provide potential molecular insights into these observations. We found that the young cells contained a higher proportion of cells characterized by a higher expression of genes involved in tissue regeneration. In addition, we identified a unique, quiescent subpopulation that was exclusively present in young donor cells. Together, these findings may explain a novel mechanism for the enhanced healing capacity of young stem cells and may have implications for autologous cell therapy in the extremes of age. Stem Cells 2019;37:240–246
Regenerative medicine employs human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for their multi-lineage plasticity and their pro-regenerative cytokine secretome. Adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) are concentrated in fat tissue and the ease of harvest via liposuction makes them a particularly interesting cell source. However, there are various liposuction methods and only few have been assessed regarding their impact on ASC functionality. Here we study the impact of the two most popular ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL) devices currently in clinical use VASER (Solta Medical; Hayward, CA, USA) and Lysonix 3000 (Mentor, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) on ASCs yield, viability, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity and in vivo regenerative performance. After lipoaspirate harvest and processing we sorted for ASCs using Fluorescent Assisted Cell Sorting (FACS) based on an established surface marker profile (CD34+CD31−CD45−). Both UAL samples demonstrated equivalent ASC yield and viability. VASER UAL ACSs showed higher osteogenic and adipogenic marker expression, however still a comparable differentiation capacity was observed. Soft tissue healing and neovascularization were significantly enhanced via both UAL derived ASCs in vivo and there was no significant difference between the cell therapy groups. Taken together, our data suggests that UAL allows safe and efficient harvesting of the mesenchymal stromal cellular fraction of adipose tissue and that cells harvested via this approach are suitable for cell therapy and tissue engineering applications.
Within the last 20 years, robotic-assisted surgeries have been implemented as routine procedures in many surgical fields, except in plastic surgery. Although several case series report promising results, technical and economic aspects have prevented its translation into clinical routine. This review is based on a PubMed and Google Scholar database search, including case reports, case series, clinical and preclinical trials, as well as patents. Past, recent approaches, ongoing patents, as well as eight specific systems for robotic-assisted microsurgery and their potential to be translated into a clinical routine, are described. They may lay the ground for a novel field within plastic surgery. This review provides an overview of the emerging technologies and clinical and preclinical studies and discusses the potential of robotic assistance in the field of plastic surgery.
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