The effects of substituting fishmeal (FM) with different quantities of silkworm pupae (SP) on the growth, survival, and body composition of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), were investigated over the course of a 60-day experiment. A total of 360 fingerlings (55±3.42 g) were randomly allotted to four treatment groups (T1 – fish fed 52.5% FM; T2 – fish fed 5% SP + 47.5% FM; T3 – fish fed 10 % SP+ 42.5% FM; T4 – fish fed 15% SP + 37.5% FM). Each treatment group was divided into three replicates of 30 fish per replicate. One group served as the control. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that 10% of FM can be replaced with SP without any adverse effects on the values of the feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain percent (WG), condition factor (CF), survival rate (SR), protein content, lipid content, or nutrition protein utilization (NPU).
In this study, the effects of a commercial probiotic containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis along with feriron solution were investigated on the haematological parameters of rainbow trout frys. The experiment was carried out in eight treatments and one control group for a period of 60 days after beginning of active feeding. In the experimental treatments, the frys were fed with dry diets containing various ratios of probiotic and feriron solution. The haematological parameters including number of white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit percent, transferrin, ferritin and IgM concentrations were measured every 10 days over the course of the experiment. According to results, the probiotic receiving treatments had higher WBCs concentration than control group (P<0.05). The higher values of RBCs, Hct and Hb were observed in fish fed with diet containing feriron solution than other treatments (P<0.05). The highest values of serum Fe, transferin and ferritin were observed in treatments containing 1.2×109 CFU/g probiotic+7 mg/kg dry diet (T 7 ) or 5 mg/kg dry diet (T 8 ) feriron solution, while lowest values of these parameters were found in treatments containing 1.6 × 109 CFU/g probiotic+7 mg/kg dry diet (T 5 ) or 5 mg/kg dry diet (T 6 ) feriron solution (P<0.05). The IgM values had the highest and lowest levels in treatments that had received only probiotic (T 1 and T 2 ) (P<0.05) and those that received only feriron solution (T 3 and T 4 ), respectively. In conclusion, the high levels of WBCs and IgM are likely an immunity response to probiotic. Low levels of RBCs, Hct and Hb likely return to low levels of serum in treatments fed by diet without feriron solution. It seems that the Fe ion causes the proliferation of probiotic bacteria and in return probiotics help to digestion and subsequently the bioavailability of elements including Fe ion to serum.
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