Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types among women. The use of magnetic fluids for specific delivery of drugs represents an attractive platform for chemotherapy. In our previous studies, it was demonstrated that maghemite nanoparticles coated with rhodium (II) citrate (Magh-Rh2Cit) induced in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity, followed by intratumoral administration in breast carcinoma cells. In this study, our aim was to follow intravenous treatment to evaluate the systemic antitumor activity and toxicity induced by these formulations in Balb/c mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 breast carcinoma. Female Balb/c mice were evaluated with regard to toxicity of intravenous treatments through analyses of hemogram, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, iron, and creatinine and liver, kidney, and lung histology. The antitumor activity of rhodium (II) citrate (Rh2Cit), Magh-Rh2Cit, and maghemite nanoparticles coated with citrate (Magh-Cit), used as control, was evaluated by tumor volume reduction, histology, and morphometric analysis. Magh-Rh2Cit and Magh-Cit promoted a significant decrease in tumor area, and no experimental groups presented hematotoxic effects or increased levels of serum ALT and creatinine. This observation was corroborated by the histopathological examination of the liver and kidney of mice. Furthermore, the presence of nanoparticles was verified in lung tissue with no morphological changes, supporting the idea that our nanoformulations did not induce toxicity effects. No studies about the systemic action of rhodium (II) citrate-loaded maghemite nanoparticles have been carried out, making this report a suitable starting point for exploring the therapeutic potential of these compounds in treating breast cancer.
In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new rhodium(II) succinate complex (Rh2(suc)4) and its immobilization on lauric acid bilayer-coated maghemite nanoparticles (MGH-2L/Rh2(suc)4) and subsequent adsorption with bovine serum albumin (MGH-2L/Rh2(suc)4/BSA). Rh2(suc)4 has been characterized by elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, TGA, MS, FTIR and UV-Vis analysis. The maghemite phase was confirmed by XRD, and a diameter of 10 nm was obtained by Sherrer equation. The VSM experiment showed superparamagnetic properties. TEM showed nanoparticles with a spherical shape and a mean diameter of 8.5±0.4 and 9.1 ± 0.4 nm for MGH-2L/Rh2(suc)4 and MGH-2L/Rh2(suc)4/BSA, respectively. FTIR and TGA confirmed the immobilization of Rh2(suc)4 and bovine serum albumin adsorption on superparamagnetic iron oxide. Hydrodynamic size (DH) and zeta potential (ζ) measurements were made in aqueous, NaCl and DMEM media. DH for dispersions was lower in aqueous medium, but increased in saline and DMEM media. In aqueous and saline media, ζ was not altered for MGH-2L and MGH-2L/Rh2(suc)4, but was significantly lower for MGH-2L/Rh2(suc)4/BSA. Therefore, MGH-2L/Rh2(suc)4/BSA was the most stable dispersion, meaning that BSA coating prevents aggregation more than lauric acid bilayer coating. MGH-2L/Rh2(suc)4 and MGH-2L/Rh2(suc)4/BSA dispersions induced cytotoxicity in breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and fibroblast cells in culture, and this effect was higher than that exerted by free Rh2(suc)4 and more specific to breast carcinoma cells than to fibroblasts. Therefore, we suggest that these dispersions have an important potential for future clinical applications and, thus, they should be considered a platform to enhance Rh2(suc)4 cytotoxicity, specifically in breast carcinoma.
Purpose This paper aims to study the dynamics of bitcoin prices in Brazil, a large emerging economy with an unregulated bitcoin market. Design/methodology/approach First, this study tests if the Law of One Price (LOOP) is valid for bitcoin prices in Brazil, conducting tests with data from three Brazilian exchanges. Next, this study documents bitcoin price dynamics in the short run by studying the price discovery mechanism in these exchanges. This study uses Information Share and Component Share, combining the two measures to obtain an Information Leadership Share (ILS) measure. Findings This study finds a common trend within bitcoin prices among a set of exchanges, with cointegration tests between the price series indicating that LOOP is valid in Brazilian markets in the long run. ILS indicated that, for closing prices, the most liquid exchange (Foxbit) leads discovery, whereas the least liquid (Local Bitcoin) lags, with Mercado Bitcoin in the middle both in terms of discovery and liquidity. Finally, this study provides evidence that the price variation in the market that leads price discovery can be used to construct an arbitrage in another exchange. Originality/value This research brings the first evidence of a price discovery mechanism for exchanges in Brazilian Reais. Although LOOP is valid in the long run, price leadership in bitcoin markets potentially create arbitrage opportunities in the short run. This study contributes to the growing literature of bitcoin prices with novel evidence from a large emerging economy.
RESUMO Objetivos: caracterizar o perfil de um projeto de educação em saúde e suas contribuições à difusão de informação na rede social Instagram. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória e descritiva sobre um perfil do Instagram denominado “@resenhadasaude”;. Coleta de dados: de 23 de julho de 2020 a 21 de abril de 2021. Geraram-se métricas de interação sobre 36 postagens. Aplicou-se análise estatística simples e percentual. Resultados: são 1.016 seguidores no Brasil, com crescimento de 206,02%. Maior público é adolescente, jovem e feminino, com diferença entre os gêneros de 41,8%. O maior interesse foi sobre a covid-19, saúde sexual e drogas. Equívocos de conhecimento dos seguidores reforçam a necessidade de difusão de informações de qualidade. Conclusões: as métricas do Instagram apontam a validação do projeto em termos de interesse do público, majoritariamente de adolescentes e jovens. O Instagram mostrou-se potente para fins educativos e difusão de informação, bem como campo autônomo para a enfermagem.
Objetivo: descrever a construção de uma produção técnica usada como uma ferramenta de Educação em Saúde e estratégia no combate à transmissão domiciliar do SARS-COV-2. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência referente à construção da produção técnica idealizada durante a atuação dos autores em um serviço que realiza Testagem e Diagnóstico da COVID-19 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A produção técnica foi utilizada como instrumento para auxiliar a Educação em Saúde com a sociedade acerca do autocuidado e do cuidado domiciliar no tratamento e, principalmente, na prevenção da COVID-19. Resultados: as etapas da construção foram levantamento das informações preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde e a elaboração de um cartaz digital com informações sobre saúde e Covid-19 cujo design gráfico contou com a plataforma “Canva®”. O conteúdo informativo fundamentou-se nas recomendações do Ministério da Saúde. A fase de implementação se deu pela divulgação nos meios digitais, como as redes sociais e e-mail. Além disso, a versão impressa fortalece a disseminação das informações. Conclusão: espera-se o amplo alcance das informações e práticas de cuidados para evitar a transmissão domiciliar pela Covid-19. Além disso, aspira-se a diminuição da ansiedade desencadeada pelo diagnóstico positivo para a doença.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o papel da extensão universitária na educação emancipatória das(os) acadêmicas(os) e na disseminação de conhecimentos na comunidade. Para tal, foi feita a análise qualitativa dos dados coletados a partir das atividades realizadas pelo projeto de Extensão Direito Intergeracional e Transversalidade, do campus São José (SC), da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, no segundo semestre de 2019, em que se trabalhou a temática intitulada o enfrentamento à violência de gênero, por meio de oficinas, palestras e cine debates realizados com a comunidade. A partir da análise dos dados foi possível refletir a importância do papel da extensão no diálogo entre universidade e comunidade, apresentando os impactos para os sujeitos envolvidos nas ações extensionistas realizadas.
Objectives: to characterize the outline of a project for health education and its contributions to the propagation of information on the Instagram social network. Methods: exploratory and descriptive research on an Instagram profile called “@resenhadasaude”;. Data collection: from July 23, 2020, to April 21, 2021. Interaction metrics were generated on 36 posts. Simple and percentage statistical analysis were applied. Results: there are 1,016 followers in Brazil, with a 206.02% growth. The largest audience is teenagers, young people, and women, with a gender difference of 41.8%. The greatest interest was about covid-19, sexual health, and drugs. Followers’ misconceptions reinforce the need for the dissemination of quality information. Conclusions: Instagram metrics point to the project’s validation in terms of audience interest, mostly adolescents and youth. Instagram proved to be powerful for educational purposes and information dissemination, as well as an autonomous field for nursing.
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