To evaluate seed vigor, electrical conductivity and ethanol tests are fast and efficient methodologies. They have the potential to be used in several species, such as red rice. However, there are no protocols or information about their efficiency. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency, and define parameters of execution for electrical conductivity and ethanol tests, to evaluate the vigor of red rice seeds. The study was conducted using four lots of ‘BRS 901’ red rice, which was subjected to a germination test, as well as first count, accelerated aging, and field seedling emergence tests. The electrical conductivity test was performed with 25, 50, and 100 seeds soaked in 50 mL and 75 mL of water, at 25 °C and 30 °C, for 3, 6, 20, and 24 hours, respectively. The ethanol test was performed with 50 and 100 seeds soaked in a volume of water equivalent to 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0× the mass of the seed sample. To assess the vigor of red rice seeds, the electrical conductivity test is an efficient method when conducted with 50 seeds soaked in 50 mL of water at 25 °C for 20 hours. Meanwhile, the ethanol test is most effective when performed with 50 seeds, in a volume of water that is 2.5× the mass of the sample, at 40 °C for 24 hours.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das etapas do processo de produção sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de amendoim por meio do Controle Estatístico de Processo. As amostragens foram realizadas durante as etapas de arranquio das plantas, recolhimento, transporte, secagem, armazenamento (dois, quatro e seis meses), além das seguintes etapas de beneficiamento: trilha mecânica, classificação por tamanho, separação por densidade e coloração, e tratamento químico. Para a avaliação da qualidade realizaram-se procedimentos de rotina dos laboratórios de controle de qualidade de produtoras de sementes: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem, emergência de plântulas, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado e tetrazólio. Após o arranquio, e nas fases de cura e armazenamento, houve redução na qualidade das sementes, porém, com o início do beneficiamento e nas etapas seguintes houve uma melhora nos atributos gerais do lote, devido a padronização das sementes, elevando o seu desempenho. No envelhecimento acelerado, houve queda de vigor ao longo do processamento, devido a deterioração natural das sementes desde a fase de maturidade fisiológica. Dessa forma, o Controle Estatístico de Processo se mostra eficaz no monitoramento do beneficiamento de sementes de amendoim, possibilitando a identificação de variações e tomada de decisão durante o processamento.
Soybean is a crop of great economic relevance in the world, with seed production being one of the most important sectors of its agro-industrial complex. Processing is one of the final stages of the seeds production process, it aims to remove impurities, select seeds by shape, size and density and pack properly. Monitoring and quality control at different stages of the process ensures that seeds meet storage and market standards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different stages of processing in the physical and physiological performance of three cultivars of soybean seeds using statistical process control tools. The work was carried out at the seed processing unit with the cultivars M8644 IPRO, M8349 IPRO and M8808 IPRO, with sampling at eight points throughout the process. Water content, physical purity, germination, first count, accelerated aging, tetrazolium (vigor and viability), mechanical damage and electrical conductivity were evaluated. During the process, mean and amplitude control charts were used for each test. The use of control charts made it possible to monitor the process of soybean seed processing, pointing out the methodology as a tool to determine existing problems, to promote continuous improvement in the performance of seed processing.
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