RESUMENEn años recientes, con el movimiento de las poblaciones y la globalización, algunas infecciones y enfermedades han cambiado su patrón endémico por uno epidémico; es el caso del virus chikungunya, un arbovirus reemergente que ha activado las alarmas mundiales. Según datos de los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC), de los Estados Unidos, hasta enero del 2015 se habían detectado más de un millón de casos sospechosos y alrededor de treinta mil habían sido confirmados por laboratorio en 42 países del Caribe, Centroamérica, Suramérica y Norteamérica. Según el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, el número total de casos de esta infección confirmados por clínica era de 231.392; por laboratorio se habían confirmado 1.528 y había 3.848 casos sospechosos, para un total general de 236.768. En esta revisión se incluyen los siguientes aspectos de la infección por el virus chikungunya: virología, transmisión por vector, patogenia, epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, pruebas de laboratorio, medidas de prevención y perspectivas futuras. PALABRAS CLAVEAedes; Alphavirus; Dengue; Virus Chikungunya SUMMARY Chikungunya virus in Colombia: Clinical and epidemiological aspects, and literature reviewIn recent years, with the movement of populations and with globalization, some infections and diseases have changed from endemic to epidemic in certain regions. Such is the case of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a re-emerging arbovirus that has triggered global alarm. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), until January 2015, there had been case reports from 42 countries in the Caribbean, and Central, South, and North America, with more than one million suspected cases and about thirty thousand laboratory-confirmed cases. The latest report in Colombia by Instituto Nacional de Salud refers to a total of 231.392 KEY WORDSAedes; Alphavirus; Chikungunya Virus; Dengue RESUMOVírus chicungunha na Colômbia: aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos e revisão da literatura

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) values are widely used to assess microbial contamination in drinking water and to advance the modeling of infectious disease risks. The membrane filtration (MF) testing technique for FIB is widely adapted for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We conducted a systematic literature review on the use of MF-based FIB data in LMICs and summarized statistical methods from 172 articles. We then applied the commonly used statistical methods from the review on publicly available datasets to illustrate how data analysis methods affect FIB results and interpretation. Our findings indicate that standard methods for processing samples are not widely reported, the selection of statistical tests is rarely justified, and, depending on the application, statistical methods can change risk perception and present misleading results. These results raise concerns about the validity of FIB data collection, analysis, and presentation in LMICs. To improve evidence quality, we propose a FIB data reporting checklist to use as a reminder for researchers and practitioners.

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Aunque poco común, la intoxicación por cianuro acarrea una mortalidad alta, sobre todo, cuando no se administra el tratamiento oportuno. La exposición a este tóxico puede darse por inhalación o por ingestión oral. Lo que se ha descrito sobre el manejo de esta intoxicación está basado en reportes de casos y pequeñas series, dado que en la literatura no se encuentran estudios que den un sustento claro. Dentro de estos reportes, y según los aspectos fisiopatológicos, son especialmente relevantes: el nitrito de sodio, el nitrito de amilo, el tiosulfito de sodio y la hidroxicobalamina, como arsenal terapéutico de esta intoxicación. Palabras clave: acidosis; cianuro; intoxicación; antídotos ABSTRACT Cyanide intoxication is a rare condition. Yet, it leads to a high mortality, especially when proper treatment is not available. The exposure to this substance may occur via inhalation or oral ingestion. The basis of this intoxication´s treatment is on little case series and reports; this is due to the fact that the literature to support it remains scant and unclear. Based on physiopathological aspects, within this evidence the following are particularly relevant: sodium nitrile, amile nitrile, sodium tiosulphite, and hidroxicobalamin, as part of this intoxication´s treatment.

A 72-year-old male, with no pathological or family history, presents with dizziness, abdominal pain and non-dysenteric diarrheic depositions together with a syncopal episode lasting a few minutes, presenting a full recovery without neurological deficit. 15 minutes later he enters emergency services alert, with no other symptoms, hydrated, with increased peristalsis. Parenteral hydration and initial paraclinical exams (ionogram, hemogram and electrocardiogram) are considered during his time at the emergency services, with no alterations evident. The electrocardiogram returned a sinus rhythm, no tachycardia, no signs of acute ischemia, no blockages.