Repairing of large bone injuries is an important problem in bone regeneration field. Thus, developing new therapeutic approaches such as tissue engineering using 3D scaffolds is necessary. Incorporation of some bioactive materials and trace elements can improve scaffold properties. We made chitosan/alginate/strontium-doped bioglass composite scaffolds with optimized properties for bone tissue engineering. Bioglass (BG) and Sr-doped bioglasses (Sr-BG) were synthesized using Sol–Gel method. Alginate-Chitosan (Alg/Cs) scaffold and scaffolds containing different ratio (10%, 20% and 30%) of BG (Alg/Cs/BG10, 20, 30) or Sr-BG (Alg/Cs/Sr-BG10, 20, 30) were fabricated using freeze drying method. Characterization of bioglasses/scaffolds was done using zeta sizer, FTIR, XRD, (FE) SEM and EDS. Also, mechanical strength, antibacterial effect degradation and swelling profile of scaffolds were evaluated. Bone differentiation efficiency and viability of MSCs on scaffolds were determined by Alizarin Red, ALP and MTT methods. Cell toxicity and antibacterial effect of bioglasses were determined using MTT, MIC and MBC methods. Incorporation of BG into Alg/Cs scaffolds amplified biomineralization and mechanical properties along with improved swelling ratio, degradation profile and cell differentiation. Mechanical strength and cell differentiation efficiency of Alg/Cs/BG20 scaffold was considerably higher than scaffolds with lower or higher BG concentrations. Alg/Cs/Sr-BG scaffolds had higher mechanical stability and more differentiation efficiency in comparison with Alg/Cs and Alg/Cs/BG scaffolds. Also, Mechanical strength and cell differentiation efficiency of Alg/Cs/Sr-BG20 scaffold was considerably higher than scaffolds with various Sr-BG concentrations. Biomineralization of Alg/Cs/BG scaffolds slightly was higher than Alg/Cs/Sr-BG scaffolds. Overall, we concluded that Alg/Cs/Sr-BG20 scaffolds are more suitable for repairing bone major injuries.

Background: Magnetotactic bacteria are a heterogeneous group of Gram-negative prokaryote cells that produce linear chains of magnetic particles called magnetosomes, intracellular organelles composed of magnetic iron particles. Many important applications have been defined for magnetic nanoparticles in biotechnology, such as cell separation applications, as well as acting as carriers of enzymes, antibodies, or anti-cancer drugs. Since the bacterial growth is difficult and the yield of magnetosome production is low, the application of magnetosome has not been developed on a commercial scale. Methods: Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1 was used in a modified current culture medium supplemented by different concentrations of oxygen, iron, carbon, and nitrogen, to increase the yield of magnetosomes. Results: Our improved MSR-1 culture medium increased magnetosome yield, magnetosome number per bacterial cell, magnetic response, and bacterial cell growth yield significantly. The yield of magnetosome increased approximately four times. The optimized culture medium containing 25 mM of Na-pyruvate, 40 mM of NaNO3, 200 µM of ferrous sulfate, and 5-10 ppm of dissolved oxygen (DO) resulted in 186.67 mg of magnetosome per liter of culture medium. The iron uptake increased significantly, and the magnetic response of the bacteria to the magnetic field was higher than threefold as compared to the previously reported procedures. Conclusion: This technique not only decreases the cultivation time but also reduces the production cost. In this modified method, the iron and DO are the major factors affecting the production of magnetosome by M. gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1. However, refining this technique will enable a further yield of magnetosome and cell density.

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: Infertility in women can be caused by various female reproductive diseases such as premature ovarian failure (POF), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis and Asherman syndrome that affect couples' quality of life and lead to mental, emotional, and physical problems. In recent years, clinical researchers have sought infertility treatments using new methods that are more effective and non-invasive than the old methods. Today, stem cell-based therapy has been introduced as a promising method and an alternative to the old strategy of infertility treatment. Understanding the main features and functional perspective of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the future of infertility by physicians is crucial. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with a high proliferation range, abundant source and multidirectional differentiation potential. They have high potential for the treatment of injured tissues in regenerative medicine through cell homing, secretion of active factors, and participation in immune regulation. At present, due to fewer ethical restrictions on the use of mesenchymal stem cells compared to embryonic stem cells, more attention has been paid to these cells as a new treatment for gynecological disorders. In this paper, we first review the various type of female reproductive disorders along with their common treatment methods, then we evaluate the recent advances in the application of MSCs in the diseases related to infertility and improve the reproductive health of women worldwide.

Background: Major injuries that are caused by trauma and cancer can not be repaired through bone remodeling. The goal of bone regeneration by tissue engineering approaches is to fabricate bone implants in order to restore bone structure and functions. The use of stem cells and polymer scaffolds provides the conditions for tissue regeneration based on tissue engineering. Objective: This study aimed to fabricate a combined matrix of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and propolis extract, which is a mixture of pollen and beeswax collected by bees from certain plants and has long been used in traditional herbal medicine, to promote the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs). Methods: The scaffold was fabricated through electrospinning and was immersed in a propolis extract solution. Then, AD-MSCs were cultured and differentiated into the osteogenic lineage. The cell viability on the scaffold was evaluated by MTT assay. Osteogenic differentiation of the seeded stem cells was detected by evaluating calcium content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression of bone-specific genes. Results: The viability of cells was not affected by propolis-coated and uncoated fabricated scaffolds, while higher calcium content, ALP activity, and expression of RUNX-2, type I collagen, osteocalcin, and osteonectin were observed in cells differentiated on propolis-coated PLGA scaffold on days 7, 14, and 21 of differentiation compared to PLGA scaffold. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the presence of propolis in the scaffold could lead to better cell attachment and strengthen the osteoinduction process in stem cells.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has severely affected the poultry industry in recent years. One of the best ways to protect yourself from this virus and lower your chance of a pandemic is by vaccination. The commercial vaccine does not adequately respond to pandemic strains. This study examines the potential function of formulated Haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) with Freund’s adjuvant against Newcastle disease virus. To this end, a recombinant Haemagglutinin neuraminidase (rHN) gene of the Newcastle disease virus was designed and expressed used by B.subtiles expression system. Four groups of mice were immunized by rHN in combination with Freund’s adjuvant, and commercial vaccine. The humoral immune test was then performed on the vaccinated mice, and the outcomes were compared to those of untreated animals (negative group). NDV was also administered through intranasal drop to the treated and control mouse groups. Body weight, survival, temperature variation, and the medical conditions of the samples were assessed. Mice that received the recombinant protein vaccination showed humoral reactions to the NDV. Also, co-administration of rHN with Freund’s adjuvant might increase the survival rate of the immunized mice by 92 percent. Two weeks after infection, the Freund’s adjuvant-treated group had a slight weight loss and a high body temperature. Additionally, compared to the group that received a commercial vaccination, this group had a greater HI antibody titer. Altogether, the results showed that the recombinant protein with the Freund’s adjuvant created better safety than the Commercial vaccine produced in Iran, thereby can be considered as a safe and reliable vaccine candidates against the Newcastle virus for further investigations.

Productivity is one of the most important indicators in the organization process and a variety of programs designed to maximize it. This indicator has a direct relationship with organizational success and profi tability. The factors and components that are related to employee productivity and performance are leadership styles and thinking styles. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the role of leadership styles (modern leadership) and thinking style with productivity. The statistical population of this study consisted of all staff and offi cials of Kerman education and training organization. Out of 291 subjects, 165 subjects were selected according to Morgan table using convenient sampling method and completed modern leadership style, thought style and productivity questionnaires. The results of the research showed a signifi cant positive and signifi cant relationship between the thinking style and its components and modern leadership style and its components. Modern leadership style and thinking style are a strong and appropriate predictor of productivity. According to the results obtained, in order to increase productivity and effi ciency, it is necessary to pay attention to the leadership styles and its methods, and the style of thinking and strengthening it according to organizational needs.