Red ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains many chemical compounds that have many activities. This study aims to determine the active compounds of Zingiber officinale and immunomodulatory activity that can increase the phagocytosis of macrophage cells and lymphocyte cell proliferation. Red ginger extract compounds were identified using GC-MS. The parameters of immunostimulatory activity were macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation, the preparations were made in several extract concentrations. This research is an experimental study in the laboratory. The research included fresh red ginger, made into ethanol extract, dried. The results were made a suspension, the extract was then given to macrophage cells (phagocytosis testing) and lymphocyte cells (proliferation testing) in vitro to test the immunomodulatory effect. The results showed that the most active extract in macrophage phagocytosis activity was the extract concentration of 500 ppm. While the activity of lymphocyte proliferation was shown by the concentration of group A (Cell, 500 ppm extract, MK, Engerik). The active compound contained in the ethanol extract of red ginger is thought to be Geraniol
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar mata pelajaran PKn siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Gandasoli melalui penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS). Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus perbaikan, dan masing-masing siklus 2 pertemuan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Gandasoli Tahun 2017 pada mata pelajaran PKn, khususnya pada materi Kebebasan Berorganisasi. Jumlah siswa sebanyak 50 orang siswa, terdiri dari 25 orang siswa laki-laki dan 25 orang siswa perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui kegiatan berupa: (1) perencanaan tindakan; (2) pelaksanaan tindakan; (3) pengamatan tindakan; dan (4) refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata dari 59,8 pada pertemuan 1 Siklus 1, menjadi 68,1 pada pertemuan 2 Siklus 1, menjadi 75,8 pada pertemuan 1 Siklus 2 dan menjadi 85,4 pada pertemuan 2 Siklus 2. Sementara dari persentase ketuntasan terjadi peningkatan dari 12% pada pertemuan 1 Siklus 1, menjadi 40% pada pertemuan 2 Siklus 1, menjadi 66% pada pertemuan 1 Siklus 2 dan menjadi 86% pada pertemuan 2. Dari hasil tersebut, maka nilai dan persentase ketuntasan selalu mengalami kenaikan pada setiap siklusnya, baik pertemuan 1 maupun pertemuan 2. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Kebebasan Berorganisasi siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Gandasoli.Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar, Kebebasan Berorganisasi, Think Pair Share
A country usually has a charming tourist attraction, but in each region is not fully known by the public, especially the less exposed areas. Along with the rapid development of technology plus changes inhabits during the Covid-19 pandemic requires a lot of activities to be done from home. This makes the game one of the most accessible entertainment activities. In addition, the game can certainly be a medium of conveying information and knowledge to its users. Thus, it can be known that beside through websites, advertisements, brochures, or other media, games can be one of the media introduction of tourist attractions. This study aims to identify the relevance of tourism content into games so that researchers and game developers can innovate in promoting tourist attractions through game media with receding views and uniqueness of their respective regions. The method used in this article review is a method of comparing 3 similar games that are tourism-charged Adventure genres, namely Papon, Probo, and Dorang games. This attraction recognition game is certainly designed to increase tourists' knowledge of tourist attractions scattered in Indonesia. In the presented game, players can complete missions by earning points. In addition, they will get notifications or information regarding the attraction they are playing. Based on the research, the conclusions showed the effectiveness and innovation in the introduction of tourist attractions through the use of gaming media. This is seen from the increasing percentage of user satisfaction and knowledge because each game offers a clear interface and information of regional attractions.
Introduction: Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetics. The incidence of DME has a tendency to increase, concomitant with the prevalence of diabetes globally by more than 50% from 2000 to 2030. This study aims to evaluate the proportion of central macular thickness (CMT) improvement and visual acuity in DME patients treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection. Methods: This study is a retrospective descriptive study. The study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at RSUP Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta. Data were obtained from the medical records of all diabetic retinopathy patients with macular edema who were treated with IVB at RSCM Kirana Vitreoretina Polyclinic on January – December 2017. Results: Of the 44 subjects, improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) occurred in 24 (54.54%) subjects at the first-month evaluation and 19 (43.18%) subjects at the third-month evaluation. CMT decreased in 37 (84.41%) subjects at the first-month evaluation and 35 (81.81%) subjects at the third-month evaluation. Conclusion: Visual acuity improvement and central macular thickness reduction 3 months after IVB injection. These results strengthen IVB injection to be an alternative to adjuvant therapy in DME. Keywords: Diabetic Macular Edema, Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection
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