In this research the polymer electrolyte materials based on poly caprolactone (PCL) has been synthesized and characterized. Polycaprolactone is a non-toxic and biodegradable polymer that is environmentally friendly. The preparation of the polymer electrolyte film is carried out by a casting method whereby the PCL polymer is dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. Lithium perchlorate salt (LiClO4) as a source of lithium ions then was added to solution with a composition (5-40)% by weight. The solution was evaporated slowly in vacuum oven until the film was formed. The ionic conductivity, crystal structure, morphology and thermal properties of the polymer electrolyte were characterized by impedance spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) respectively. The results of the conductivity measurements showed that the PCL conductivity increased from 3.45 x 10-11 Scm-1 to 5.52 x 10-6 Scm-1 with a 30% weight salt content of LiClO4. Observations with XRD show a more amorphous polymer with more salt addition and FTIR results show that there is interaction between active groups on polymers with salt. The thermal properties show that the melting points of polymer become lower with more salt addition.
Nanocomposite of α-Fe/C was successfully synthesized by mechanical milling method. Analytical-grade of α-Fe and graphite powders with a purity of greater than 99% were mixed. The mixture was milled for 50 hours at room temperature using High Energy Milling (HEM). The refinement results of X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the α-Fe/C nanocomposite consists of 20 wt% Fe and 80 wt% C. The mechanical milling resulted in α-Fe/C powders with mean particle size ~900 nm. The image reveals the morphology of particle and the particles that exist is aggregates of fine grains. The magnetic properties of the particle α-Fe/C nanocomposite showed low coercivity and high remanent magnetization. The α-Fe/C nanocomposite has certain microwave absorber properties in the frequency range of 9 – 15 GHz, with the maximum reflection loss reaches -10 dB at 12 GHz and the absorption range under −4 dB is from 11.2 to 15.5 GHz with 2 mm thickness. The study concluded that the α-Fe/C nanocomposite shows good candidate materials for microwave absorbing materials applications.
In this study, the synthesis of pseudobrookite Fe1.7Mn0.3-xNixTiO5 with variations in composition (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15) using a mechanical milling technique has been performed. High purity powder of α-Fe2O3, TiO2, MnCO3, and NiO were prepared as raw materials. The mixture was milled for 5 hours using high energy milling equipment, and sintered at 1000 °C for 5 hours. The refinement result of X-ray diffraction profile shows that the all of pseudobrookite Fe1.7Mn0.3-xNixTiO5 samples have a single phase with particle size of less than 1 μm. The VSM result shows all the samples were ferromagnetic behavior. We concluded that the substitution Ni into Mn on the pseudobrookite Fe1.7Mn0.3-xNixTiO5 can change the magnetic properties of the material from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic through a mechanism of double exchange interaction.
The composite of CNT–Fe were made by mixing CNT and Fe powder with the variance of Fe starting from 3% and 5% weight. Then the sample is milling for 2 hours using High Energy Milling (HEM). The CNT-Fe Composite to be had done implantasion with nitrogen gas for 5 hour and 8 hour. The result of magnetic parameter of composite CNT-Fe3% and CNT-Fe5% with VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer) method shows that the remanent magnetic (Mr) and saturation magnetic (Ms) increased, and the coersive magnetic (Hc) decreased with the increasing of weight percent of Fe. The result of electrical properties of composite CNT-Fe3% and CNT-Fe5% using LCR instrument indicated that conductivities value of composite CNT-Fe3% and MWCNT-Fe5% are increased with the increasing of Fe weight. The surface morphology of composite CNT-Fe3% and CNT-Fe5% was done with TEM (Transmition Electron Microscopy) with the result that Fe was had into CNT.
Phase analysis and magnetic properties of ZnxFe(3-x)O4 (x = 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 and 1,0) have been done. The synthesis of ZnxFe(3-x)O4 was carried out using a solid reaction with the xZnO : (3-x)Fe2O3 material composition (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0) according to the mole ratio of each, then milling for 5 hours and then sintered at a temperature of 1200 °C for 3 hours. Phase identification with XRD (X-ray Diffractometer) shows that ZnxFe(3-x)O4 milling results form the diffraction peak of the NiFe2O4 and Fe2O3 phases, the greater the value of x (the Zn atom content) the less Fe2O3 % phase while the % phase ZnFe2O4 is getting bigger and even for x = 1.0 only ZnFe2O4 phase is formed (ZnFe2O4 formed 100% or single phase). Surface morphological observations with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) show the formation of an increasingly homogeneous structure along with the addition of Zn2+ ion content and varying sizes ranging from 1 µm to 100 nm. The properties magnetic of ZnFe2O4 with VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) showed that the sample behave ferromagnetically with Ms higher (in the range 1.89 - 21.10 emu/g) while the Hc value is smaller (in the range 243 - 107 Oe) with the addition of Zn2+ ion content. Thus, the presence of the Fe2O3 phase can decrease the magnetic properties of the material.
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