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Articles you may be interested inComparative electron temperature measurements of Thomson scattering and electron cyclotron emission diagnostics in TCABR plasmasa) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10D529 (2010); 10.1063/1.3494379 Measurement of electron temperature and density in an argon microdischarge by laser Thomson scattering Appl.A comparison of spectroscopic and Thomson scattering measurements of electron densities and temperatures in a transient expanding plasma flow Electron temperature T, and density n, in the source region of an electron cyclotron resonance discharge have been measured by incoherent Thomson scattering of the beam from a 0.5 J yttrium aluminum garnet laser. This is the first experiment in which this technique, routinely used on fusion plasmas, has been applied to a processing plasma. Measurements were made in an argon discharge at pressures from 0.3 to 2 mTorr and microwave powers from 250 to 1000 W. Velocity distributions were measured both parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field and a slight anisotropy of electron temperature was observed for low-pressure discharges. Temperatures in the range of l-5 eV and densities in the range of 2-10x 10" rnd3 were measured. T, and n, were found to strongly depend on pressure but only weakly on the input power and discharge magnetic field. No deviations from a Maxwellian velocity distribution were observed.

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Antiferroelectric PbZrO3 thin films have been fabricated by a multi-ion-beam sputtering technique at a substrate temperature as low as 415 °C. Single crystal perovskite PbZrO3 films oriented along the a axis could be epitaxially grown on (100)MgO, (100)Pt/MgO substrates using a PbTiO3 buffer layer. The PbZrO3 films achieved high dielectric constants of about 400, which are almost 2.4 times larger than that of bulk PbZrO3. The measurements of D–E hysteresis loops and Curie temperature demonstrated the antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition of PbZrO3 films with a thickness of 1770 Å, while for PbZrO3 films of 875 Å the phase transition could not be clearly observed.

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We have succeeded in the visible light-mediated synthetic use of α-aminoalkyl radicals derived from α-silyl secondary amines toward addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The resulting γ-aminocarbonyl compounds are converted into γ-lactams and pyrroles in a one-pot process.

Additions to the Spectra Lila, Lizb and LiZla.Six new spectral lines have been observed in the lithium spectrum between 200 nm and 600 nm. Possible classifications are given and discussed.

Blazed reflection micro-Fresnel lenses and their use in an integrated focus sensor are proposed. Theoretical analysis indicates that the optical characteristics of reflection Fresnel lenses can be improved compared with a conventional transmission micro-Fresnel lens. These reflection Fresnel lenses were fabricated using electron-beam lithography and exhibited the diffraction-limited focusing characteristics with 71% high efficiency. The focus sensor has a folded optical path and includes a beam splitter integrated with thin film components, such as a reflection elliptical Fresnel lens and a quadrant photodetector. The reflection elliptical Fresnel lens in the focus sensor exhibiting excellent astigmatic characteristics agreed with the theoretical results, and the focus error signal was detected. This sensor can be developed as the optical head of an optical disk system.