Vibrations caused by running trains sometimes lead to environmental issues. Traininduced vibrations are caused by moving static and dynamic axle loads. In numerical simulations of train-induced vibration, the type of excitation force greatly affects the relevant structure and ground responses. This study evaluated the influence of excitation force types on ground responses. Numerical simulations demonstrated that at frequencies below or equal to 31.5 Hz, a large part of the ground vibration caused by moving excitation forces consists of averaged components such as moving static axle loads. On the other hand, the simulations also showed that at frequencies equal to or over 40 Hz, a large part of the ground vibration due to moving excitation forces consists of varying components such as dynamic axle loads. Furthermore, it was found that there is a frequency at which the moving excitation force accelerance nears the point force excitation accelerance. It was then clarified that the point force excitation accelerance at that frequency can be used as a substitute for moving excitation forces.
To simply and accurately evaluate construction vibrations, we investigated on the applicability of the empirical prediction method to construction vibrations, using velocity of subsurface layer. We performed measurements for construction vibrations and subsurface structural surveys at a site. Applying the wave propagation equation to construction vibrations, we found that Rayleigh waves affected by subsurface layer were significantly dominated in construction vibrations. Finally, we well reproduced construction vibrations against distances from construction sources by the empirical prediction method based on the theory of wave propagation, focusing on the dominant frequency with phase velocity of surface waves in a subsurface layer.
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