There have been many studies on countermeasures for train-induced ground vibration. However, many of the countermeasures are not clear about the mechanisms and reduction values of the vibration. Therefore, in general, we choose the countermeasures based on previous cases or empirical judgments. In this paper, using a numerical simulation consisting of a running train, tracks, supporting structures, and the ground, we investigated a method for extracting primary factors of the train-induced ground vibration and a method for suggesting countermeasures based on the primary factors. The results showed that it is possible to extract the primary factors, which increased the train-induced ground vibration, by evaluating the characteristics of vibration source, vibration characteristics of viaducts, and propagation characteristics of the ground. This study presents a flowchart showing how the primary factors are linked to the countermeasures.