We explored the molecular diversity and functional capabilities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) from the brown-rot basidiomycete Postia placenta. Using bioinformatic and experimental data, we found 250 genes of P450s in the whole genome, including 60 putative allelic variants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of 42 families, including 18 novel families. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of P450s from P. placenta and the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium suggested that vigorous gene duplication and molecular evolution occurred after speciation of basidiomycetes. Among the 250 gene models, 184 were isolated as full-length cDNA and transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae to construct a functional library in which recombinant P450s were co-expressed with yeast NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase. Using this library, the catalytic potentials of P450s against a wide variety of compounds were investigated. A functionomic survey allowed the discovery of novel catalytic properties of P. placenta P450s. The phylogenetic diversity of the CYP53 family in P. placenta was clear, and CYP53D2 is capable of converting stilbene derivatives. This is the first report of this peculiar function of the CYP53 family. Our increased understanding of the molecular and functional diversity of P450s in this fungus will facilitate comprehension of metabolic diversity in basidiomycetes and has future biotechnology applications.

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The questionnaires used in this study are useful for measuring patient satisfaction in the dental school hospital setting.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Japanese children residing in south-west area of Kanto district in recent years. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs taken for dental treatment between 1990 and 2007 were used to evaluate the congenitally missing permanent teeth excluding the third molar. The participants of this study consisted of 2,125 children aged between 7 and 20 years. RESULTS: The congenitally missing teeth were observed in 251 participants (11.8%). The majority of the participants (114) presented with only one tooth missing, and there was a general tendency that the number of participants gradually decreased as the number of missing teeth increased. A total of 539 teeth were congenitally missing, and mandibular second premolar was the most frequently missing tooth (153 teeth), followed by mandibular lateral incisor (86 teeth), maxillary second premolar (71 teeth), maxillary lateral incisor (61 teeth). Only one missing tooth (114 participants) was found most frequently in mandibular lateral incisor (30 participants), followed by mandibular second premolar (28 participants). There was a tendency that congenitally missing teeth occurred symmetrically; especially most of the participants who had two missing teeth (80 in 88 participants) were symmetrically missing. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in this study was 11.8% and it was comparable to those reported in previous studies of Japanese population evaluated using panoramic radiographs.absence of one or more teeth and may include deciduous and/or permanent dentition. The etiology of hypodontia is regarded as a multifactorial condition 1) . The hypodontia can induce physiological and functional problems such as malocclusion and retarded alveolar growth. The oligodontia is defined as congenitally missing six or more teeth and is usually relevant to genetic problems or systemic abnormalities such as ectodermal dysplasia. It has

The aim of this study is construct a systematic classification system of children by their behavior. The study population consisted of 104 children who visited the pediatric dentistry at the Dental Hospital of Tsurumi University for the first time. The behavior of the children was evaluated by the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the behavior evaluation score developed by Kurosu. For the classification, k-means and two-step cluster and a large scale clustering method, the Kohonen network were used. The Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and all clusters were statistically significant according to Fisher's exact tests. Among them, the results using the two-step cluster analysis were well classified for the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and may seem to be clinically available. Decision analysis to clarify the decision rules for affiliation extracted 5 items such as 'Moving the body left and right', 'Putting hands over the mouth', 'Crying softly', 'Holding the hands of the dentist', 'Closing the eyes'. And these items would be key items to peg uncooperative behavior in clinical practice. By the observation of some of the behavior of the children and using decision tree, systemic decisions can be made for the obscured Frankl Behavior Rating Scale. classification, known as the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, does not provide definite items for observation. In contrast, Kurosu et al. proposed a classification of child behavior during dental treatment that does provide 37 detailed items for observation 9) . Despite this advantage, this classification, which is also well known in Japan as the Behavior Evaluation Scale (BES), does not allow for the easy observation of the 37 items in daily clinical practice.However, no scale is used in daily clinical practice in pediatric dentistry. In addition, no clear criteria for the classification of the behavior of the children have been presented. Thus, the aims of this study is to classify the children by four methods for cluster analysis 10) and to find out the characteristic behavior of the children.