The antiviral effects of chloroquine (CQ) on human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) infection of human fetal lung cell line, L132 are reported. CQ significantly decreased the viral replication at concentrations lower than in clinical usage. We demonstrated that CQ affects the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Furthermore, p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, inhibits CPE induced by HCoV-229E infection and viral replication. Our findings suggest that CQ affects the activation of MAPKs, involved in the replication of HCoV-229E.

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We herein describe the case of a 74-year-old man who experienced pulmonary consolidation and chest pain following administration of dabigatran, a novel oral anticoagulant. The consolidation settled spontaneously in another lung area, a condition sometimes referred to as "wandering pneumonia." Although we did not find specific pathological evidence of interstitial lung disease on transbronchial lung biopsy, a lung opacity spontaneously disappeared following discontinuance of dabigatran, and there was no recurrence. There are no other reports of dabigatran-induced lung injury, except alveolar hemorrhage and eosinophilic pneumonia. We should consider that any novel drug could cause various types of pulmonary injuries.