Due to the resistance of German cockroach against organochloride, organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethriodes insecticides, it is suggested to use DE for insect's control.
Objectives:Iron and multivitamin drops are being frequently prescribed in children less than 2 years of age. Due to their low pH levels, these drops may lead to the softening of enamel and accelerate the destructive process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the enamel microhardness of primary teeth after exposing them to iron and multivitamin drops.Materials and Methods:Forty healthy anterior teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 10 samples each. Samples were exposed to two iron drops of Kharazmi (Iran) and Ironorm (UK) and two multivitamin drops of Shahdarou (Iran) and Eurovit (Germany) for 5 min. The surface microhardness was measured before and after exposure and data processing was done using statistical paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The surface structure of the teeth was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results:In all groups, microhardness was decreased, but it was not significant in Eurovit multivitamin group (P = 0.088). The reduction rate in Kharazmi iron group was significant compared to that in other groups (P < 0.005). Hardness reduction percent for Kharazmi iron drop was 28/12 ± 47/43. In SEM analysis, irregular granular appearance was observed in the enamel exposed to Kharazmi iron drop.Conclusion:The results showed that all the studied drugs have the potential to cause erosion; this potential is the most in Kharazmi iron drop and the least in Eurovit multivitamin drops. Therefore, after using these kinds of drops, preventive measures should be used in children.
Some of this species such as Vespa orientalis and Polistes olivaceus are more common in the Persian Gulf islands and can cause clinical problem to islands resident and travelers.
Hard ticks are obligate blood-feeders belonging to the family Ixodidae. The saliva and salivary glands of ticks contain a wide variety of immuno-pharmacological active molecules that effectively modulate the activity of enzymes, antibodies, and amines involved in vasodilation, molecular adhesion, and cellular signaling. Ticks' saliva may contain proteins with antiangiogenic capabilities that inhibit the angiogenesis process and exclude wound healing, allowing ticks to feed on the blood of their hosts for an extended period of time. Antiangiogenic factors are being characterized for their ability to exert cytotoxic and cytolytic effects on tumor cells, making them promising candidates for anticancer therapy. The effects of salivary gland extracts (SGEs) from various Hyalomma species (i.e., Hyalomma anatolicum, H. marginatum, H. detritum, H. dromedarii, and H. schulzei) on tumor cells (HT-29) were investigated in this study. The SGEs from H. detritum had the strongest anti-survival effects on HT-29. The highest mean of HT-29 cell viability was obtained after exposure to H. schulzei SGEs. Hyalomma detritum SGEs had the lowest cytotoxicity to non-tumor cells (HFF) and H. schulzei SGEs had the highest cytotoxicity to HFF. The cytometric assessment revealed changes in HT-29 cells as well as a significantly higher frequency of apoptosis and necrosis after treatment with H. detritum SGEs than the other species. The results demonstrated that H. detritum SGEs have antiproliferative, anti-survival, and apoptotic potential. This finding suggests that the species is an appropriate candidate for further investigations to identify the molecules and mechanisms involved in the inhibitory effect of the SGEs.
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