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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with obscure etiology, are rising and are of worldwide concern. Of the various components of IBD pathogenesis and progression, irritation appears to play a major part. Investigations on the molecular and cellular pathways that activate the IBD provide the focus for the development of useful therapies. Ginger (the rhizome of Zingiber officinale) has a broad spectrum of clinical applications due to its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative functions. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the key pathogenic factors in many diseases, including IBD. The most established components of ginger are phenolic compounds called gingerols. A wide range of pharmacological activities of the potential therapeutic benefit of Z. officinale have been detailed. In this regard, the anti‐inflammatory activity of ginger has been documented by many researchers. It was shown that ginger is a potent inhibitor of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), signal transducer of activators of transcription (STATs), Nod‐like receptor family proteins (NLRPs), toll‐like receptors (TLRs), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and mTOR (mTOR) pathways, as well as inhibiting various pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In the present report, the potential application of ginger in the management of IBD is reviewed in detail, with an emphasis on the relevant properties of ginger and its bioactive components. The significance of the functions, side effects, and delivery of ginger to the digestive system for particular application in IBD are also considered.

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In the current research, attempt is made to fabricate a nanoemulsion (NE) containing an antifungal agent. The prepared formulation has been expected to enhance skin penetration. It is also studied for in vitro drug release and toxicity assessment. Spontaneous titration method was used for preparation of NE. Prepared NE were characterized for their charge, size, morphology, rheological behaviour, drug release profile, skin permeability. The drug permeation and skin irritation were investigated. The in vitro antifungal activity was inspected using the well agar diffusion method. Miconazole NE showed good penetration in the skin as compared to marketed products. SEM showed semispherical shapes of the droplets. Zeta potential and zeta sizer showed that size was in nano ranges having positive charge.

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