Vascular streak dieback (VSD) symptoms was reported recently in several cacao plantations in West Sumatera. Disease incidence reached 58.82–100% with disease intensity of 24.29–44.71%. In some cases, dead plant was also found. Fungal isolation was performed to identify the agents associated with VSD. Plant samples showing VSD symptoms was collected from 3 locations of cacao production center in West Sumatera, i.e. Limapuluh Kota regency, Padang Pariaman regency, and Padang city. Small pieces of leaf and twig were plated on water agar and potato dextrose agar medium for fungal isolation. Morphology of hifa, basidiocarp, and basidiospora observed from fungi colonies indicated the presence of Ceratobasidium theobromae on infected plant samples. This is the first report on the association of C. theobromae on cacao in West Sumatera.
ABSTRAKPenyakit daun keriting (kerupuk) merupakan penyakit baru pada tanaman tembakau di Sumatera Barat. Penyakit ini sudah tersebar di seluruh area pertanaman tembakau di Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota dengan intensitas serangan 2.5-26.3%. Hasil amplifikasi dengan metode polymerase chain reaction menggunakan primer universal Begomovirus PAL1v 1978/PAR1c 715 dari daun tanaman tembakau yang bergejala menghasilkan amplikon berukuran 1600 pb. Hasil ini mengindikasikan adanya infeksi Begomovirus. Analisis urutan DNA isolat Sumatera Barat menggunakan program NCBI BLAST, menunjukkan bahwa isolat Begomovirus tersebut memiliki homologi dengan Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia Virus yang menginfeksi tanaman tomat sebesar 89% dan tanaman cabai 91-97% di Sumatera Barat. Hasil identifikasi ini merupakan laporan pertama infeksi Begomovirus pada tanaman tembakau di Sumatera Barat. ABSTRACTTobacco leaf curl disease ("kerupuk") is a new disease on tobacco in West Sumatra. This disease has spread throughout the tobacco planting area in District Limapuluh Kota with intensity of 2.5-26.3%. DNA fragment of 1600 bp was successfully amplified using polymerase chain reaction method with primer pairs for Begomovirus PAL1v 1978/PAR1c 715 from tobacco leaves showing symptoms. This result indicated Begomovirus infection. Sequence analysis based on NCBI BLAST program showed that Begomovirus infecting tobacco in West Sumatera has the highest homology of 89% and 91-97% with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia Virus infecting tomato and chili pepper in West Sumatera, respectively. This is considered as the first report of Begomovirus infection on tobacco in West Sumatra.
Kegiatan diseminasi teknologi pupuk kandang sapi plus rizobakteri pada tanaman kakao dilakukan di Kecamatan Guguak dan Akabiluru Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota yang dimulai dari bulan Maret sampai dengan November 2018. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan teknologi formulasi pupuk kandang plus rizobakteri pada kelompok tani kakao. Inovasi, buah lobek, maju sejahtera dan aroma menggunakan metode penyuluhan. Pentingny kegiatan ini dilakukan disebabkan oleh tingginya kejadian dan keparahan penyakit VSD di Kecamatan Guguak dan Akabiluru Kabuparten Limapuluh Kota yang mencapai 86,60%. Untuk itu, diperlukan teknologi pengendalian yang mudah dibuat, murah dan bahan baku yang mudah diperoleh disekitar petani. Penggunaan air kelapa merupakan salah satu perbanyakan bakteri Serratia maresescens dan Pseudomonas fluorescens yang nanti akan diformulasi dengan pupuk kandang. Kegiatan ini meliputi: pemantauan tingkat serangan OPT dilahan kelompok tani kakao, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyuluhan, pelatihan, dan evaluasi hasil kegiatan. Dari hasil kegiatan bahwa kegiatan ini mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan petani terhadap penggunaan biofertilizer yang berasal dari bakteri yang diformulasikan dengan air kelapa dan pupuk kandang, sehingga penggunaan formulasi ini mampu mengurangi biaya penggunaan pupuk kimia yang memiliki harga yang mahal.
Nuclear Poyhedrosis Virus (NPV) is one of biological control agents that can be incorporated in Integrated Pest Management to support sustainable agriculture. A study was conducted to determine the diversity of NPV on lepidopteran pests on cruciferae in West Sumatera. Larvae of Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Plutella xylostella, dan Crocidolomia binotalis were collected from cabbages, cauliflowers, broccoli, shallot, and leaf onion in three cruciferae production districts and then they were brought to laboratory for the observation of NPV infection. The results showed that there were only three larvae of Spodoptera exigua got infected by NPV called SeNPV. No other larvae of lepidopteran species collected were infected. Propagation of the SeNPV obtained was done but the pathogenisity was low with the mortality 12%. It could be due to the low concentration of its polyhedra.
Cultivation of ornamental plants in the school is necessary to provide the loveliness, and conductive atmosphere and environment for the learning process in that school. This community empowerment program aimed to transfer knowledge and technology of ornamental plants cultivation, covering the aspects of growing media, application of plant growth regulator, propagation and hybridization of ornamental plants to the biology teachers of high school. The methods of empowerment were community learning, demonstration, training, and self-practice. Results from the activities showed that the representative biology teachers from districts and cities in West Sumatra could be understood and applied the techniques of ornamental plants cultivation in their respective schools. The Likert analysis showed that a percentage of 95.6%, indicating that the transfer of technology provided is very beneficial for high school biology teachers. Hence, this activity is needed to be continuous in the future.
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