This paper analyzes the possibility of survival of low value added microenterprises of Baja California. Using a logit probability model, it was explored various scenarios associated with the possibility that microenterprises exceed the first three years of activity in the market. This is because the theory of entrepreneurship highlight that during those early years, firms are more likely to disappear. The results indicate that microenterprises are more likely to persist in activity when microentrepreneurs have levels of basic education, are married and the microenterprise generates 50% or more of household income. Highlight the effect of schooling level of microentrepreneurs in the possibility of survival of the enterprises, microentrepreneurs who have the highest education level are those with the least probability of lasting in the business. The low value added microenterprises also are related to entrepreneurship by necessity. So, the findings highlight the importance of strengthening microenterprises originated in adverse contexts.

This paper aims to study the influence of pecuniary and non-pecuniary aspects on entrepreneurship. It attempts to fill a gap in terms of explaining how these aspects determine individual and household choices or constraints regarding entering entrepreneurship as either part time, with participation in labor markets, or as full time, as well as the corresponding supply of entrepreneurial effort. The study searches for insights on the relation between motivations intrinsic in either form of entrepreneurship and their effects on the supply of the entrepreneurial effort. Part-time micro entrepreneurs respond more to non-pecuniary aspects when maximizing their life choices, which divert them from profit maximization. However, full-time micro entrepreneurs are more sensitive to pecuniary factors and their choices regarding utility maximization are more compatible with profit maximization, albeit both groups are part of simple forms of entrepreneurship. The results identify the expectations placed on enterprises run by part-time and full-time entrepreneurial households in terms of their motivation and attitude toward the goal of profit making and consequently, to entrepreneurial supply and performance. Both groups may be relevant from the policy standpoint and employment in developing economies.

Purpose -The goal of this paper is to characterize the economic and financial management (EFM) practices in Mexican micro-enterprises and determine their impact on business performance under the hypothesis that EFM practices focused on achieving the optimal level of liquidity and profitability positively affect the performance of micro-enterprises.Design/methodology/approach -The study applies factor analysis, including both exploratory and confirmatory techniques, as well as linear regression models.Findings -The econometric analysis shows that both economic and financial management are statistically significant in explaining microenterprise performance, although only the effect of the latter is positive, whereas that of the former is negative.Originality/value -The paper's findings could guide training and microcredit programs focused on micro-enterprise owners in developing countries and help to improve decision-making processes.

ResumenEste estudio analiza el efecto que la capacidad innovadora genera en el nivel de ingreso y en la productividad de algunas variables tecnoeconómicas, como las patentes, las exportaciones en bienes de alta tecnología y en el ingreso por balanza de pagos tecnológica de México. Primero se estima la capacidad innovadora mediante un modelo factorial y, luego, se llevan a cabo las estimaciones con un enfoque de cointegración. Los factores que componen la capacidad para innovar son el entorno productivo, la asimilación tecnológi-ca, la participación universitaria en investigación y desarrollo, y la institucionalidad. Se encuentra que la capacidad innovadora presenta una relación positiva con el nivel de ingreso, negativa con las patentes y el ingreso por balanza de pagos tecnológica e independiente con las exportaciones en bienes tecnológicos al no existir cointegración. Palabras clave: cointegración, modelo factorial, capacidad innovadora, crecimiento, productividad. Clasificación jel: C32, C38, O11, O30. AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of innovative capability generated in the level of income and productivity of techno-economic variables such as patents, exports in high-technology goods and income by technological bop Mexico. The first stage was to build innovative capacity through a factor model, while a second held the estimates under a cointegration approach. The factors that make the ability to innovate are productive environment, technological assimilation, university participation in research and development and institutions. It is found that the innovative capability has a positive relationship with the level of income, negative from patents and technology balance of payments and independent with tech goods exports due the absence of cointegration.

This study examines the characteristics of self-employed workers who reside in Mexico but work in the United States and the factors behind their decision to become cross-border entrepreneurs. This group is compared to entrepreneurs who live and operate in Mexico. Based on census data from Mexico, it is observed that cross-border entrepreneurs are older and more educated, and have stronger ties to the United States, shorter workweeks and higher hourly and monthly earnings than self-employed workers who live and work in Mexico. A series of probit models show that years of schooling, having previously resided in the United States and having an adult in the household who was born in the United States increase the likelihood of becoming a cross-border entrepreneur. Ordinary least squares earnings regressions show that years of schooling and years of work experience are positively associated with the earnings of entrepreneurs operating in Mexico, but not with those of cross-border entrepreneurs.

No abstract

This research presents empirical results about the importance of tax morale in the probability of tax compliance in social businesses. It highlights the relevance of increasing the intrinsic value to the social business owner on paying taxes, instead of the traditional approach of increasing punishment, to reduce non-compliance. The paper suggests changing the focus question from “Why don’t they pay taxes?” to “Why, despite the low probability of being punished for not paying taxes, do some social business owners comply with their tax contribution?”. The main results of the research point out that factors such as public expenditure in economic development increases the probability of tax compliance in social businesses, whereas public expenditure in social programs decreases this probability.

No abstract