This study reports efforts to replicate and extend understanding of a portion of the total Iannaccone-Lutz framework. As part of the Claremont work, Kirkendall attempted to find social, economic and political indicators that would predict the defeat of incumbent school board members.2 Since this study seemed an important element in the Iannaccone-Lutz framework, our efforts sought to replicate Kirkendall's findings in New Mexico school districts as well as to extend the model by exploring districts in which decreases in socio-economic and political indicators had occurred.3 The Kirkendall study utilized only a sample of California school districts which had undergone increases in socio-economic and political indicators.
The Explanatory ModelThe Iannaccone-Lutz explanatory model4 suggests that as a
Changes in the field of educational administration in the United States from 1967 to 1996 have been viewed previously as paradigm shifts or historical changes. In this paper the authors argue that these changes are best viewed as revitalization movements. Revitalization movements are deliberate attempts by individuals and groups to create a more satisfying culture: such movements move through a series of stages. Using historical materials from the period 1967 to 1996, the stages are examined. It is suggested that revitalization stages not only best explain changes in the field of educational administration but also suggest important consequences about the shape of the field.
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