Abstract. Whilst the last decades have seen a clear shift in emphasis from managing natural hazards to managing risk, the majority of natural-hazard risk research still focuses on single hazards. Internationally, there are calls for more attention for multi-hazards and multi-risks. Within the European Union (EU), the concepts of multi-hazard and multi-risk assessment and management have taken centre stage in recent years. In this perspective paper, we outline several key developments in multi-(hazard-)risk research in the last decade, with a particular focus on the EU. We present challenges for multi-(hazard-)risk management as outlined in several research projects and papers. We then present a research agenda for addressing these challenges. We argue for an approach that addresses multi-(hazard-)risk management through the lens of sustainability challenges that cut across sectors, regions, and hazards. In this approach, the starting point is a specific sustainability challenge, rather than an
individual hazard or sector, and trade-offs and synergies are examined
across sectors, regions, and hazards. We argue for in-depth case studies in
which various approaches for multi-(hazard-)risk management are co-developed and tested in practice. Finally, we present a new pan-European research project in which our proposed research agenda will be implemented, with the goal of enabling stakeholders to develop forward-looking disaster risk management pathways that assess trade-offs and synergies of various strategies across sectors, hazards, and spatial scales.
President Jair Bolsonaro’s government (2019-2022) brought unprecedented turmoil to the Brazilian democracy. In this paper, we argue that Bolsonaro’s government builds on and expands pre-existing zones of authoritarianism embedded in the country. We illustrate the intricacies and perils of sustaining and expanding zones of authoritarianism in the Brazilian case in two domains: corruption and police violence, areas that represent some of the most important unsolved puzzles of redemocratization. They are bound together by the centrality of impunity, where unchecked power creates zones where the Rule of Law is contested. By illustrating the struggles to build accountability in these areas, we discuss the challenges that pre-existing zones of authoritarianism pose to democracy and how new autocrats have mobilized them. We also highlight analytical as well as empirical challenges for those studying autocratization processes in countries that are as hybrid or dual legal orders.
O artigo apresenta os principais resultados de pesquisa jurisprudencial composta de decisões envolvendo a aplicação da legislação antirracista punitiva no Brasil por nove Tribunais de Justiça (TJs) brasileiros entre os anos de 1998 e 2010. Por meio da análise das duzentas decisões disponibilizadas pelos TJs do Acre, Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Sul e São Paulo intenta-se compreender o que tem ocorrido nesta instância do Poder Judiciário a fim de contribuir para a produção de diagnósticos sobre a dinâmica do sistema jurídico penal brasileiro frente ao problema social do racismo. Na introdução do trabalho realizamos um breve histórico da legislação antirracista punitiva, discutimos alguns dos estudos sobre o tema e tratamos das especificidades dos dispositivos que regulam a questão. Na seção 2 especificamos nossas escolhas metodológicas e tecemos considerações acerca da interpretação dos dados. Na seção 3 expomos os principais resultados quantitativos da pesquisa. Por fim, discutimos criticamente tais resultados, abordamos alguns temas que nos parecem importantes ao se avaliar a estratégia
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