The aim of the study was to assess deep and shallow water teaching methods in swimming lessons for preschool children and identify variations in the basic aquatic skills acquired. The study sample included 32 swimming instructors (16 from deep water programs and 16 from shallow water programs) and 98 preschool children (50 from deep water swimming pool and 48 from shallow water swimming pool). The children were also studied regarding their previous experience in swimming (6, 12 and 18 months or practice). Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the teaching methodology. A discriminant analysis was conducted with Λ wilk’s method to predict under what conditions students are better or worse (aquatic competence).Results suggest that regardless of the non-significant variations found in teaching methods, the water depth can affect aquatic skill acquisition - shallow water lessons seem to impose greater water competence particularly after 6 months of practice. The discriminant function revealed a significant association between groups and all predictors for 6 months of swimming practice (p<0.001). Body position in gliding and leg displacements were the main predictors. For 12 and 18 months of practice, the discriminant function do not revealed any significant association between groups. As a conclusion, it seems that the teaching methodology of aquatic readiness based on deep and shallow water programs for preschoolers is not significantly different. However, shallow water lessons could be preferable for the development of basic aquatic skills.

A study was carried out to evaluate the association of levels of radioactivity, selenium and aflatoxin in shelled Brazil nuts, which were classified in different sizes, for export. The selenium determinations were performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (LOQ = 3.0 µg g -1 ), and aflatoxins were detected by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LOQ = 0.85 µg kg -1 ), recovery rates were between 92 and 100%. Radioactivity was measured by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. The selenium mean concentration was (22.7 ± 7.4) µg g Ra. There was no statistically significant association between the level of selenium and the activity of radionuclides, however, there was correlation between the radionuclides. Aflatoxins above the quantification limit were not found. Keywords: radioactivity; selenium; Bertholletia excelsa. Castanha do Brasil: determinação de elementos naturais e aflatoxinas resUMoUm estudo foi realizado para avaliar a associação dos níveis de radioatividade, selênio e aflatoxinas em castanha-do-Brasil descascada, que foram classificadas em diferentes tamanhos, para exportação. As determinações de selênio foram realizadas por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (LOQ=3,0 µg kg -1 ) e aflatoxinas foram detectadas por LC-MSMS (LOQ=0,85 µg kg -1 ), as taxas de recuperação ficaram entre 92 e 100%. A radioatividade foi medida por espectrometria gama de alta resolução. A concentração média de selênio foi de (22,7 ± 7,4) Ra. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o nível de selênio e a atividade de radionuclídeos, no entanto, houve correlação entre os radionuclídeos. Não foi encontrado aflatoxinas acima do limite de quantifcação. PAlAvrAs-chAve: radioatividade, selênio, bertholletia excelsa.

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Brazil nut is a seed with high nutritional value and of great economic importance to the Northern region of Brazil. In addition to enabling direct consumption, its nutritional potential enables the development of various products. Among its nutrients, emphasis is given to the amino acid-rich proteins, lipid content and selenium, which exhibits antioxidant properties. This review addresses the nutritional value and approaches different technologies applied in the Brazil nut products process.

In the present study, fruits extracts (Paullinia cupana K. & Libidibia ferrea M. -guaraná & jucá, respectively) of the Amazon Region were tested for antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activities against Aspergillus parasiticus using the agar dilution method. The treatments utilized were at three different concentrations (1.08, 1.62 and 3.24%). The effect on both extracts on growth diameter of fungal colony was time and concentration dependent. No treatment completely inhibited fungi growth, however A. parasiticus was significantly reduced by the treatments when compared to the control group. The production of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 by A. parasiticus grown on guaraná and jucá extracts treatment was significantly smaller when compared to controls. A. parasiticus strain produced aflatoxins in all concentrations when grown on guaraná extracts medium treated and different of that observed when on jucá's treated extracts.

8,4 a 96,4%) para o grupo dos não alérgicos, não se encontrando um limiar com bom poder discriminativo entre as duas situações (curva ROC). Conclusões: O modelo testado revelou um mau desempenho nesta população, sugerindo que os modelos preditivos necessitam de aperfeiçoamento para virem a ser uma ferramenta útil no estudo alergológico das reações a fármacos.Palavras -chave: Alergia a fármacos, hipersensibilidade a fármacos, estudo alergológico, modelos preditivos, algoritmos de decisão. ABSTRACTBackground: Allergic drug reactions represent an important public health problem associated with a significant mortality and morbidity. The allergy workup in this situation is expensive and time consuming. A predictive model using medical history would allow us to assess the risk of a positive result and might simplify the diagnostic process. Aims: To assess the performance of the Hierro Santorino predictive model in patients from our Immunoallergology department investigated for drug allergy. Methods: We included in our study patients referred to our department for drug allergy whose investigation was concluded between January 2017 and June 2018. We collected clinical data identified as the predictive factors in the mentioned model, as well as the results from the allergy work up. The Hierro Santorino model was then applied to our population and its performance was evaluated. Results: We analyzed 159 cases corresponding to 143 patients, 54 (37.8%) females, mean age of 42.1 ± 25.4 years.In 108 cases there was only 1 drug involved. In 39% of the cases a beta -lactam was the suspected drug, in 31% a nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drug (NSAID) and in 29.6% other drug classes were suspected. In 18.2% of the cases the final diagnosis was positive for drug allergy, in 15.7% "NSAID intolerance" was established, 5% of the patients had "angiotensin -converting -enzyme inhibitor intolerance" and in 54.1% drug allergy was excluded. As the model under study was applied the mean probability of drug allergy was 73.3% (26.6% to 91.7%) in the allergic group and 68. 7% (8.4% to 96.4%) in the non -allergic group. There was no cut -off value with capacity to discriminate between the outcomes. Conclusions: The model tested in our population revealed a poor performance suggesting that predictive models still need improving to be used as a tool in the allergy workup.