No abstract

The agricultural sector is considered an important source of greenhouse gases, in which the coffee crop has an important contribution, participating in the dynamics of soil C and CO2 emissions. In this way, the aim of this study was to analyze and quantify CO2 emissions in different phenological phases in soil cultivated with conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner), and compare it with CO2 flow in forest and pasture area. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Area of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, in an experimental plot of 0.5 ha cultivated with conilon Vitória coffee clones. The quantification of soil CO2 flux was performed between July 2016 and June 2017, this period comprising all the seasons of the year, using in two rounds of ratings (day and night), with five replicates each. For comparison purposes, another measurement of the CO2 stream was conducted in June 2017 with an evaluation period of 24 h. The highest CO2 emission occurred during the harvest phases of the fruit (206.7 mg CO2 m-2 h-1). The lowest daily CO2 flow records were observed in the rest and flowering phases with values of 82.1 and 83.6 CO2 mg m-2 h-1 , respectively. The CO2 emission from the forest was higher than the emissions that occurred in the area planted with conilon coffee and pasture, during dry season.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) destaca-se como o principal agente causador da mastite bovina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença do S. aureus como agente etiológico da doença e avaliar seu perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana. Em razão disso, amostras de leite foram colhidas de quartos mamários positivos ao California Mastitis Test (CMT) para isolamento e identificação do S. aureus. Foram coletadas amostras dos insufladores dos conjuntos de ordenha e das mãos dos ordenhadores. Para avaliação do perfil de sensibilidade, 17 isolados foram submetidos a testes de antibiograma, utilizando-se a técnica de difusão em disco. S. aureus foi isolado e identificado em 83,4% das amostras de leite coletadas. O agente também foi isolado nas amostras obtidas das mãos dos ordenhadores e nos insufladores, observando-se o aumento de 71,1% na contaminação do equipamento entre início e final da ordenha. Verificou-se, também, que 100% dos estafilococos foram sensíveis aos seguintes antibióticos: novobiocina, sulfa + trimetropin, azitromicina, gentamicina, vancomicina, oxacilina, cefoxitina, tetraciclina e ciprofloxacina. Entretanto, foram observados níveis variados de resistência à penicilina, amoxilina + ácido clavulônico, ampicilina, cefalexina, neomicina, estreptomicina e eritromicina. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram elevada prevalência do S. aureus como principal agente causador de mastite no rebanho bovino avaliado e apontaram grande variação nos perfis de resistência aos antimicrobianos entre as cepas estudadas.

No abstract

The temperature is one of the climatic factors of greater importance in the physiological processes of the plants, being directly related to its growth and development, which need a thermal accumulation to complete its phenological cycles. The objective of this work was to evaluate the contribution of temperature to cacao tree seedlings (genotype TSH1188) development, thus determining its lower basal (Tb) and upper (TB) temperature as well as the thermal sum in degreeday (DD) required for its production with quality. The study was carried out in the Horticulture sector of the Federal Institute of Espirito Santo -Campus Itapina, Colatina/ES, conducted under a completely randomized design in three planting seasons with different climatic conditions. For the estimation of Tb, four different estimation methods were used: standard deviation in degree-day (SDdd), the standard deviation in days (SDd), the coefficient of variation in degree-day (CVdd) and relative development (RD). The upper basal temperature (TB) was estimated similarly to Tb, with the exception of the RD method. The basal temperatures (Tb and TB) were estimated by means of the average values obtained in the methods used and the thermal sum, obtained in each planting season, using the mean Tb value, from the emergence of the seedlings, by the sum of the degreedays. The estimated values of lower and upper basal temperature were respectively 10°C and 37°C and the mean thermal sum for a quality cacao tree seedling production is 1018°C. In order to obtain a production of quality cacao tree seedlings in different climatic conditions, it is possible to evaluate the development of the variables height, stem diameter and number of leaves of the cacao tree seedlings as a function of accumulated degrees. The time required for the production of cacao tree seedlings varies according to the season of the year. Cacao tree seedlings conducted in periods with higher temperatures took less time to form with quality.