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Performing an adequate irrigation management for the production of papaya seedlings is essential to obtain plants that express all their genetic potential. For this reason, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on the growth and quality of papaya type 'Tainung 01' seedlings. The study took place at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Itapina, located in the in Colatina, in the Northwest region of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with 25 repetitions for each treatment. The treatments consisted on the application of six irrigation depths: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d -1. The seedlings were evaluated at 65 days after planting for the following morphological characteristics: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson quality index. The irrigation depth of 9.16 mm d -1 had a higher Dickson quality index attesting a higher quality of seedlings, being the most suitable for the production of papaya 'Tainung 01' seedlings.

The temperature is one of the climatic factors of greater importance in the physiological processes of the plants, being directly related to its growth and development, which need a thermal accumulation to complete its phenological cycles. The objective of this work was to evaluate the contribution of temperature to cacao tree seedlings (genotype TSH1188) development, thus determining its lower basal (Tb) and upper (TB) temperature as well as the thermal sum in degreeday (DD) required for its production with quality. The study was carried out in the Horticulture sector of the Federal Institute of Espirito Santo -Campus Itapina, Colatina/ES, conducted under a completely randomized design in three planting seasons with different climatic conditions. For the estimation of Tb, four different estimation methods were used: standard deviation in degree-day (SDdd), the standard deviation in days (SDd), the coefficient of variation in degree-day (CVdd) and relative development (RD). The upper basal temperature (TB) was estimated similarly to Tb, with the exception of the RD method. The basal temperatures (Tb and TB) were estimated by means of the average values obtained in the methods used and the thermal sum, obtained in each planting season, using the mean Tb value, from the emergence of the seedlings, by the sum of the degreedays. The estimated values of lower and upper basal temperature were respectively 10°C and 37°C and the mean thermal sum for a quality cacao tree seedling production is 1018°C. In order to obtain a production of quality cacao tree seedlings in different climatic conditions, it is possible to evaluate the development of the variables height, stem diameter and number of leaves of the cacao tree seedlings as a function of accumulated degrees. The time required for the production of cacao tree seedlings varies according to the season of the year. Cacao tree seedlings conducted in periods with higher temperatures took less time to form with quality.

Brazil is one of the main producers of watermelon crops (Citrullus lanatus), which present great water requirement and offer in their irrigated cultivation, when well managed, the possibility of productive gains and fruit quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and the vegetative development of the plant and the watermelon fruits of the 'Top Gun' cultivar submitted to Posse et al.; JEAI, 36(4): 1-11, 2019; Article no.JEAI.49215 2 different irrigation depths in the Northwestern region of Espírito Santo. The experiment was carried out in the horticulture sector of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo-Campus Itapina, from September 30, 2017 to December 15, 2017. A completely randomized design was used consisting of six treatments corresponding to 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150% and 175% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated daily, with four repetitions of each treatment. The length of the branches of all the selected plants and the longitudinal and transverse lengths of their fruits were evaluated weekly. In the last analysis, the fruit weight was also collected and the productivity was estimated. Development and differentiated production responses were verified with the different depths applied. Water replacements corresponding to the 125% ETo leaf gave the best vegetative and productive development of the watermelon 'Top Gun' cultivar, cultivated in the northwestern region of Espírito Santo. Original Research Article

Due to the lack of information on the water demand of cocoa seedlings, empirical techniques have been used in the supply of water to the seedlings, potentializing losses in their growth and development. In this context, the present study aimed to determine the optimal irrigation depth for a good development of the genotype PS-1319 cocoa seedlings. The study took place at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo-Campus Itapina, located in the Colatina, a city situated in the northwestern region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in an experimental greenhouse of the campus, between October 20 and December 15, 2017. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) using 20 seedlings of the genotype PS-1319 cacao per treatment. The treatments consisted of daily applications of six irrigation depths, corresponding to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1, being evaluated their effects on the morphological parameters (leaf area; dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system and total dry mass; height of the aerial part and stem diameter) and the quality (Dickson quality index). The applied depths interfered, both in the development and the quality of the seedlings, with quadratic adjustments for the leaf area, dry mass of the aerial part and total dry mass, diameter and for the Dickson quality index. The best responses to the studied parameters were provided by the 8.33 mm d-1 depth, which is recommended as an ideal for production of genotype PS-1319 cacao seedlings.

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most economically important species due to its use in the production of chocolate, honey, pulp, animal feed, fertilizers, jellies, butter and cocoa powder. The production of seedlings such as through sexual propagation is the essential stage for the establishment of new cocoa crops, in which the seedlings are produced by seeds. This is the most commonly used method in cocoa. Several factors interfere with the final quality of the seedlings, such as the planting season and the irrigation management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different irrigation depths and planting seasons on the quality and growth of Bahia genotype cocoa seedlings produced through sexual propagation. The study took place at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Itapina, in Colatina, located in the Northwest region of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split-plot scheme. The plots consisted of six different irrigation depths: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1 and the subplots, of three different planting seasons: autumn, winter and spring. At 50 days after sowing, the seedlings were evaluated for the following morphological characteristics: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, length of the root system, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson quality index. The production of Common Bahia genotype cacao seedlings is more effective in the irrigation depth of 9.44 mm d-1, demonstrating better development and higher plant quality.