Performing an adequate irrigation management for the production of papaya seedlings is essential to obtain plants that express all their genetic potential. For this reason, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on the growth and quality of papaya type 'Tainung 01' seedlings. The study took place at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Itapina, located in the in Colatina, in the Northwest region of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with 25 repetitions for each treatment. The treatments consisted on the application of six irrigation depths: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d -1. The seedlings were evaluated at 65 days after planting for the following morphological characteristics: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson quality index. The irrigation depth of 9.16 mm d -1 had a higher Dickson quality index attesting a higher quality of seedlings, being the most suitable for the production of papaya 'Tainung 01' seedlings.
The temperature is one of the climatic factors of greater importance in the physiological processes of the plants, being directly related to its growth and development, which need a thermal accumulation to complete its phenological cycles. The objective of this work was to evaluate the contribution of temperature to cacao tree seedlings (genotype TSH1188) development, thus determining its lower basal (Tb) and upper (TB) temperature as well as the thermal sum in degreeday (DD) required for its production with quality. The study was carried out in the Horticulture sector of the Federal Institute of Espirito Santo -Campus Itapina, Colatina/ES, conducted under a completely randomized design in three planting seasons with different climatic conditions. For the estimation of Tb, four different estimation methods were used: standard deviation in degree-day (SDdd), the standard deviation in days (SDd), the coefficient of variation in degree-day (CVdd) and relative development (RD). The upper basal temperature (TB) was estimated similarly to Tb, with the exception of the RD method. The basal temperatures (Tb and TB) were estimated by means of the average values obtained in the methods used and the thermal sum, obtained in each planting season, using the mean Tb value, from the emergence of the seedlings, by the sum of the degreedays. The estimated values of lower and upper basal temperature were respectively 10°C and 37°C and the mean thermal sum for a quality cacao tree seedling production is 1018°C. In order to obtain a production of quality cacao tree seedlings in different climatic conditions, it is possible to evaluate the development of the variables height, stem diameter and number of leaves of the cacao tree seedlings as a function of accumulated degrees. The time required for the production of cacao tree seedlings varies according to the season of the year. Cacao tree seedlings conducted in periods with higher temperatures took less time to form with quality.
Due to the lack of information on the water demand of cocoa seedlings, empirical techniques have been used in the supply of water to the seedlings, potentializing losses in their growth and development. In this context, the present study aimed to determine the optimal irrigation depth for a good development of the genotype PS-1319 cocoa seedlings. The study took place at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo-Campus Itapina, located in the Colatina, a city situated in the northwestern region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in an experimental greenhouse of the campus, between October 20 and December 15, 2017. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) using 20 seedlings of the genotype PS-1319 cacao per treatment. The treatments consisted of daily applications of six irrigation depths, corresponding to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1, being evaluated their effects on the morphological parameters (leaf area; dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system and total dry mass; height of the aerial part and stem diameter) and the quality (Dickson quality index). The applied depths interfered, both in the development and the quality of the seedlings, with quadratic adjustments for the leaf area, dry mass of the aerial part and total dry mass, diameter and for the Dickson quality index. The best responses to the studied parameters were provided by the 8.33 mm d-1 depth, which is recommended as an ideal for production of genotype PS-1319 cacao seedlings.
The present work aimed to evaluate the productive performance of chrysanthemum cultivated in an open field under different irrigation depths. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of 6 treatments with 20 repetitions each. The treatments consisted of different levels of irrigation, with daily replacement of 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The ETc was determined daily by drainage lysimeters installed at the base of six pots, used as reference (100% ETc). For the application of the treatments an auto compensating trickle irrigation system was used, with a dripper per pot flowing 1.3 liters per hour. The evaluations were made at 90 days after planting, when measurements of fresh mass of shoot Original Research Article
Chrysanthemum is one of the most important plants in the national and international market of ornamental plants since it has relevant commercial value and presents short cycle and extensive diversity of inflorescences and colors. The present work aimed to evaluate the productive performance of the Puritan cultivar grown in pots under different irrigation depths, in greenhouse conditions in the northwest region of Espírito Santo. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments defined by crop evapotranspiration daily replacements (ETc) of 50% 75%, 100%; 125%, 150% and 175%, with 20 repetitions (pots) each treatment. An auto compensating trickle irrigation system was used, a dripper per pot, discharging 1.3 liters per hour. The evaluations were made at 90 days after planting, when measurements of fresh and dry mass of roots, fresh and dry mass of shoot system, plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of the flowers and flowers diameter were performed. The analysis of variance at 5% probability, showed significant quadratic effect for the dry matter characteristics of the aerial part and height of the plant and significant linear positive effect for the other evaluated characteristics. Under the conditions of the study, daily replacements of 175% of the crop evapotranspiration, which corresponded to daily average depths of 12.25 mm, conferred the best results in all evaluated parameters.
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