Recent studies show that quarantine and lockdown are effective measures for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks, but may be an unpleasant experience with psychological consequences. For this reason, the main aim of this study was to determine which personal sociodemographic and psychological variables are related to adapting to lockdown in a Spanish population. Questionnaires were administered to 2,055 individuals (60.7% women) who were resident in Spain and aged between 18 and 80 years old. We also administered some items related to feelings and behaviors during lockdown. The results showed that sex and age are variables to be taken into account. In fact, women tended to show greater stress, a more pessimistic attitude, and lower self-esteem. However, older people adapted better to lockdown although they were also more worried. Married people also adapted better although they too were more worried. The results also showed that more resilient people, with higher subjective happiness and life satisfaction, develop strategies for adapting positively to adversity, and tend to adapt better to lockdown, with more positive attitudes and behaviors. In terms of personality traits, higher neuroticism and lower extraversion were related to worse adaptation to lockdown. This study also showed that lockdown has had a negative psychological impact on those people who did not adapt well to the situation and the changes during the first 4 weeks of lockdown.

Diferentes investigaciones sobre la profesionalización de la dirección escolar muestran la distancia que hay entre la legislación al respecto y la capacidad real de los directores y directoras de desarrollar algunas funciones encomendadas, como las de liderazgo pedagógico y coordinación, las de innovación y las de relación con la comunidad. Por ello, en nuestro estudio nos propusimos identificar, con una metodología que permitiera obtener datos representativos y en un contexto geográfico amplio, los diferentes modelos de gestión escolar en centros de Primaria públicos y privados-concertados, y contrastarlos con la normativa vigente, para profundizar en qué funciones directivas los directores encuentran mayor dificultad y requieren, por tanto, condiciones de mayor soporte, formación y trabajo colaborativo con otros directores. Se ha trabajado con una muestra de 128 directores y directoras de centros de Primaria de la provincia de Tarragona (España). Los resultados evidencian una mayor presencia de modelos de gestión que de liderazgo pedagógico, así como el evitar actuaciones referidas a la coordinación y participación de la comunidad educativa en el gobierno de los centros. Aparecen, además, relaciones entre el liderazgo, el género y la experiencia en el cargo.

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Family involvement refers to the different activities and actions that families can do to provide support to their offspring in education. In recent years, studies that evaluate the influence of family involvement on education have increased. Therefore, a review of the literature was carried out to examine the scientific evidence on this subject. Specifically, the review focused on adolescence because this is a possibly conflictive time in schooling, in which family-adolescent relationships usually go through large changes. The study results suggest that family participation is a variable that protects against academic failure. This relationship is stronger in vulnerable populations and ethnic minorities.

INTRODUCCIÓN. La profesionalización de los directores escolares y su formación ocupan las agendas internacionales porque estos influyen críticamente en el éxito educativo, desde el liderazgo pedagógico y distribuido. En este contexto, nos planteamos ¿cómo se está organizando la formación (inicial y permanente) de los directores escolares? y ¿qué necesidades de capacitación destacan ellos mismos? Para responder a estas cuestiones, revisamos el estado del arte y el recorrido legislativo español-catalán para contrastarlo con la valoración realizada por los directores de educación primaria sobre la formación para la función directiva recibida y sus necesidades de capacitación. MÉTODO. En el marco de una investigación más amplia sobre la dirección escolar en educación primaria, se ha utilizado un cuestionario ad hoc aplicado a una muestra representativa de directores de las escuelas de Tarragona. El análisis realizado combina estadística descriptiva con pruebas de chi-cuadrado. RESULTADOS. Los avances legales estarían impulsando la progresiva profesionalización de los directores y modelos de formación alineados con el liderazgo pedagógico. En cuanto a necesidades de formación, en opinión de los directores noveles, la gestión del centro, la legislación y la gestión del personal son, junto a las metodologías instruccionales, preeminentes. Sin embargo, en estadios de desarrollo profesional más avanzados las necesidades formativas de los directores se diversifican y se orientarían más hacia el liderazgo distribuido. DISCUSIÓN. La formación debería atender tanto las necesidades administrativas y de gestión como las inherentes a cada etapa profesional y a los diversos modelos de liderazgo a través de metodologías de formación colaborativas basadas en intercambio de experiencias, mentorazgo y coaching.

Academic help seeking is a self-regulatory strategy that is closely related to students’ school functioning and successful school outcomes. The aim of the present study is to gain greater insight into the associations between help-seeking behavior and attitudes (i.e., emotional costs, perception of benefits, threats and avoidance of academic help seeking), and socio-emotional factors (i.e., functional social support, satisfaction with life, happiness, academic and social self-concept, emotional loneliness and social network). Two hundred and thirty-two students from three public secondary schools (53.9% girls; mean age = 16.61, SD = 2.85) participated in this study by completing the assessment form during school hours. As expected, the results showed significant associations between attitudes toward academic help seeking and socioemotional factors except for (1) perceived emotional cost of academic help seeking and happiness, academic self-concept and social network, (2) threat of academic help seeking and satisfaction with life and social network and (3) avoidance of academic help seeking and social network, in which cases the correlations were not significant. Finally, (1) emotional loneliness was found to be a significant predictor of the perceived emotional cost of academic help seeking, (2) functional social support, academic self-concept, social self-concept and subjective evaluation of the social network were found to be significant predictors of the perceived benefits of academic help seeking, (3) emotional loneliness and academic self-concept were found to be significant predictors of both threat of academic help seeking and avoidance of academic help seeking. The results of this study suggest that psycho-emotional variables play an important role in academic help-seeking strategies and can affect students’ final behavior in help seeking.

For decades, higher education institutions have been incorporating sustainability principles. Spanish universities have considered it important that sustainability principles are integrated into the university curriculum, in order to contribute to the education of socially-responsible professionals. The present research aims to estimate pre-service educators’ awareness of selected challenges posed by Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), and it identifies the learning experiences that contribute the most to these students’ awareness of quality education. Moreover, the study aims to explore the potential of the use of the vignettes approach for the evaluation of students’ awareness. The study drew on a sample of n = 202 first year students pursuing education-related degrees at a Spanish university. The data was collected using a vignette survey, and the data analysis was conducted using quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results show a high degree of awareness within the context of most of the challenges posed by SDG 4 and, in the search for the factors that contributed to the degree of awareness in the students, personal interests and classes taken at the university stand out. In addition, the study provides the methodological implications of the use of the vignette approach in the assessment of students’ awareness. This paper discusses the practical implications for universities of the integration of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) competences into the curriculum.