This paper dealt with the investigation and implementation of the cogging torque reduction technique in permanent magnet generators with a fractional slot stator/rotor combination of 24 slot/18 pole structure. A novel of cogging torque technique in a permanent magnet generator was developed and proposed in the paper. In the study, the cogging torque reduction technique was based on the compounding of two cogging torque reduction techniques, i.e., the magnet edge shaping with dummy slotting in the stator core of the fractional slot number. By employing the CT reduction technique proposed, effects on the decreasing of tangential flux density in the air gap of the permanent magnet generator, while the normal flux density almost remained constant. The tangential flux density is one important parameter regarding the peak of cogging torque in permanent magnet generator or other electrical machine structure. The normal and tangential flux have been analyzed. The cogging torque of the permanent magnet generator was analyzed and presented in the paper. By compounding both cogging torque reduction techniques, i.e., magnet edge shaping and dummy slotting in stator teeth have been expected to achieve the cogging torque reduction. The electromagnetic performance of the permanent magnet generator was performed using a finite element analysis of FEMM 4.2. It has been proved that by combining of magnet edge shaping and dummy slotting in stator teeth can reduce the cogging torque of permanent magnet generator significantly. It has been found that the cogging torque reduction for the proposed structure around 98.08 % compared with the initial structure.
Cogging torque is one important problem in a permanent magnet generator. With a good understanding of the phenomenon, the cogging torque can be minimized by using the multi-objective technique. This paper presents a combination technique for cogging torque reduction by an appropriate small stator slot opening width, stator shoe height with fractional technique in Permanent Magnet Generator. Cogging torque waveforms, along with other relevant characteristics are investigated in this research and by analysis using the finite element method, the combination width shoe height and magnet edge slotting effect to decline the cogging torque peak value. A significant value of cogging torque, when slot opening width of 1.55 mm and shoe height of 2.3 mm, provide the peak value of cogging torque in the structure is 0.00062 N-m for positive value and about -0.00064 N-m for the negative value. It can be concluded that this type of slot opening width of 1.55 mm and shoe height of 2.3 mm is the best structure of the fractional 8 slot, because it has any significant low of cogging torque and least of unbalance magnetic pull
This Research is focusing to design technical and financial viability of Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) from a study case of existing building in Jakarta, first by reduce Building’s energy consumption and employing renewable energy sources. The results showed that energy savings from implementing green building concept could reduce electricity usage by 18%and Return on Investment (ROI) 3.86 years, the utilization of the working scheme of the condenser pump to be used as a micro hydro power plant will generate Electric Power of 733.83 kW and have the potential to replace electricity supply from Grid/PLN by 26% and ROI 3.5 years, the installation of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) has Potential to generated electricity 802,344 MWh/Year or 3% to replace electricity supply from Grid/PLN and ROI 137 Years. In general, the NZEB potential is 47% to replace electricity supply from Grid/PLN.
In Indonesia the number of high-rise buildings above 150 m tends to increase, according to CTBUH (Council on tall building and urban habitat) in 2018 there are 85 buildings and those that are under construction are 26 buildings, Super tall buildings with a height above 300 meters are 4 buildings and proposed mega tall building with a height of more than 600 meters is 1 building. All these buildings have very large electrical loads. The percentage of electricity consumption in the building that is the object of research is 30-50% coming from the Ventilation & Air Condition (VAC) system, 20% - 30% lighting systems, 10% computers and the rest from other utilities. Several papers and journals discussing the simulation or feasibility study of micro-hydropower plants in high-rise buildings have not yet been discussed how to utilized kinetic energy from the working scheme of the water condenser pump in the VAC system. in general, the existing papers discuss how to utilized gravity potential energy through the working scheme of the building’s clean water tank which is on the roof (rooftop) when distributing water which is not optimal because of the flow of water from the clean water system is not continuous or steady-state. Research Object by taking a case study of a high-rise building in Jakarta with a height of 157 meters. The data was taken from the report on utility use for the 2018 period in the building. From the simulation, the potential of water flow rate (Q) is 0.499 m3 / sec and the electrical power that can be generated (P) is 733.83 kW and this is a Micro-hydro Power Generation category. Economic analysis for building energy savings of Rp. 541,765,714.29 / month and finally roughly Return on Investment (ROI) can be achieved in 3 years and 6 months.
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