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Coffee is one of the most valuable primary products in the world trade, and also a central and popular part of our culture. However, coffees production generate a lot of coffee wastes and by-products, which, on the one hand, could be used for more applications (sorbent for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solutions, production of fuel pellets or briquettes, substrate for biogas, bioethanol or biodiesel production, composting material, production of reusable cups, substrat for mushroom production, source of natural phenolic antioxidants etc.), but, on the other hand, it could be a source of severe contamination posing a serious environmental problem. In this paper, we present an overview of utilising the waste from coffee production.

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This article describes properties of composites of collagen-hyaluronic acid shaped to layered materials. According to the results, interactions of these two polymers are very strong. The properties can be influenced by chemical crosslinking using glyoxal and starch dialdehyde. The different behavior during enzymatic degradation by collagenase and in swelling experiments is discussed in relation to material composition. The valuable properties of the composites observed in this study show the possibility of their use as biomaterials.

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was evaluated as an easy and simple analytical method for determination of starch residues after enzymatic hydrolysis. Different starch sources were liquefaction by α-amylase enzyme Termamyl SC for 25 minutes in autoclave. In the next step were starches solutions enzymatically hydrolysed by enzyme pollulanase Promozyme® for 24 hours to 60°C water bath. Total glucose in starch hydrolysate was determined using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with ATR accessory with diamante crystal by recording the absorption of different carbohydrate in spectral range from 700 - 4000 cm-1. Based on calibration curves of glucose the release of total glucose in hydrolysates was calculated.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the structure of wastes from non-ferrous metals. Wastes from the production of metals were selected namely waste from the production of aluminum - red mud and the waste from the production of nickel - black nickel mud. Morphology of samples was documented by scanning electron microscope, phase analysis using diffraction techniques and the content of elements was determined by EDX analysis. The influence of pretreatment of these wastes on the structure was also investigated.